" Make your own field and continue to be Ritvik and act on my behalf." - Śrīla Prabhupāda: July 31, 1977.
Saturday, 15 October 2011
Friday, 14 October 2011
Srila Prabhupada is available
Bhakta Alex
BHAGVATI: “By My Order.”
This is a subject matter into which we have not delved. It is already cluttered with sentiment and venom. However, what is presented in this paper, is well researched and historic in its origins. Hopefully it will shed a bright light on a matter of great concern.
Thank You for your time and effort, Alex. Much appreciated.
BIF
“My Guru Maharaja was attempted to be killed. Twenty-five thousand rupees were raised fund for bribing the police officer. He told me personally. The Navadvipa, Navadvipa Gosais, they wanted to kill him. So preaching work is always risky.“
“A case can definitely be made that our Srila Prabhupada stressed siksa. As a matter of fact, Sivarama Maharaja in his recent book not only says that, but also concludes that Srila Prabhupada considered diksa to be simply another kind of siksa. This is certainly creating lots of ammo for both the ritvik and the Gaura-nagari camps.“
(Bhaktarupa dasa, an old COM post, no longer online, emphasis added)
Dear BIF,
How to begin? In this letter there’ll be some history related to Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, and a little bit about my experience of the ISKCON org. But I’ve been thinking about maybe throwing in one more quote. This one being an excerpt from Mahavidya’s article “More On Seeing God“:
“I also agree with Mahesh Raja prabhu that Srila Prabhupada is our siksa Guru,
He can also be everyone’s siksa Guru.
That’s straightforward enough.
His instructions are there for everyone, should they wish to take them.
But,
please explain
just how does Srila Prabhupada gives Diksa initiation after his physical departure?
Is this another mystical esoteric claim that no one can verify?”
I like the two questions in the excerpt, the second question especially.
In 2000, in Philadelphia I sat in front of a fire, and participated in a ceremony where Ravindra Svarupa was present. I was given a name and beads. That much is simple enough. But how did I receive “diksa initiation” from Ravindra? How did it take place? Did I even really receive “diksa initiation” from Ravindra? If one answers either “yes” or “no” to this last question, isn’t this simply another mystical esoteric claim that no one can verify? How does my direct personal experience of the events of that day (and afterwards) factor into all of this?
I could assert something like: “In 2000, in Philadelphia, I did not receive ‘diksa initiation’ from Ravindra Svarupa. The ceremony was largely psychodrama.” And actually, I do assert this.
If someone objects to my assertion, how can they respond? They might say something like: “Yes you did“, perhaps followed by an explanation of their understanding of what constitutes “diksa initiation”. But can a person really prove that my assertion is wrong? Can they verify it? I know that a person could describe the external (exoteric) events that took place in the Philly temple on that day. Would a description of those exoteric events be sufficient to prove or verify that “diksa initiation” had taken place? When we say that Krsna Consciousness is a science, do we mean it? Or are we co-opting a word, in hopes of attracting gullible people?
Is diksa not itself an esoteric process? Isn’t it ultimately about the transformation of consciousness, brought about through received transcendental knowledge? Divya jnanam ksapayati iti diksa? Divya-jnan hrde prokasito?
In a 2007 article from the Sun, I wrote:
“If it had been clear to me in 2000 that Srila Prabhupada is qualified and available to be my current link to the parampara, and my point of absolute surrender, then I find it hard to imagine that I would have gone ahead with the initiation ceremony that I chose to participate in.
“Instead, I would have had gratitude for the positive things that I learned from the ISKCON leader who I had previously ‘aspired’ for. But I wouldn’t have played pretend, nor attempted to force myself to see this ISKCON leader as my current link to the parampara. Chances are that I might have eventually drifted away from him. I drifted away from this leader anyway, despite the ceremony.
“Basically I didn’t have sufficient confidence in this man to surrender to him fully, as my current link to the parampara. I felt like I was engaging in a charade, and eventually the whole thing felt too empty to continue.“
Let me say that the topics discussed below are no longer at the front of my consciousness. The work that BIF is doing, in connection with a monumental offense that may have been committed against Srila Prabhupada, seems much more important than any of what’s in this letter. If, as you and some others put forward, Srila Prabhupada was truly given poison with homicidal intent, then that is something really huge. A huge offense that would have to be completely rectified before Srila Prabhupada’s movement could truly move forward with its intended potency. That being said, it may be that what I touch on here isn’t wholly unrelated to the work that you’re doing.
Let’s transition into some history. Some people say that Srila Bhaktisiddhanta was never initiated by Srila Gaurakisora dasa Babaji. This assertion seems to be based on a particular understanding of the meaning of initiation. The different understandings of initiation, that held by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta and that held by the traditional non-Saraswata Vaisnava lines, also seem to shine a light on our present situation, and on our relationship with Srila Prabhupada.
Some of the quoted excepts in this letter will come from scholars associated with non-Saraswata lines. I think they have unique and valuable insights on this topic. They have contact with Srila Prabhupada’s teachings, are aware of certain controversies in the ISKCON organization and in the Gaudiya Matha, and are not blinkered by some of the taboos that may have developed in those two aforementioned organizations. Also, since they have much less of a vested interest, and are freer to go where the evidence seems to lead. There will be various quotes from different corners of the Vaisnava world, and undoubtedly at least some of the people quoted will be out of favor with at least some of your readers. We can choose to look at all these quotes, and see how they fit in light of Srila Prabhupada’s teachings.
When I first came in contact with KC teachings in the mid-nineties, so much that I encountered there felt like home. It felt right, it made sense, and resonated intuitively at a deep level. A glaring exception was how some of Srila Prabhupada’s followers talked about initiation. That part didn’t make sense at all. To paraphrase something I once read on the Audarya Forum: everybody tells you that you need it (initiation) but nobody seems to know exactly what it is.
Years later, after having gone through the ISKCON machine, I found some quotes from Srila Prabhupada that tie in to the quote from Bhaktarupa, included at the top of this letter. Quotes that speak about initiation (diksa) in terms of a transfer of transcendental knowledge (divya-jnana) from teacher to student. Quotes like these, for example:
“Diksa means… Di, divya-jnanam, transcendental knowledge, and ksa, iksa. Iksa means darsana, to see, or ksapayati, explain. That is called diksa.” (Srila Prabhupada, lecture, July 29th, 1968, emphasis added) “Diksa means initiation. Di means divya jnanam, and ksa means ksapayati. From the day of initiation, you simply get spiritual knowledge, transcendental knowledge.“ (Srila Prabhupada, lecture on Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.16.1, given in Los Angeles, on December 29th, 1973, emphasis added) “So initiation means, the Sanskrit word is diksa. Diksa, divya jnanam ksapayati iti diksa. Divya-jnana.” (Srila Prabhupada, initiation lecture, June 17th, 1976)
“Diksa means divya-jnanam ksapayati iti diksa. Which explains the divya-jnana, transcendental, that is diksa. Di, divya, diksanam. diksa. So divya-jnana, transcendental knowledge…“ (Srila Prabhupada, Room Conversation, January 27th, 1977, in Bhubaneswar, emphasis added) “Diksa actually means initiating a disciple with transcendental knowledge by which he becomes freed from all material contamination.“ (Srila Prabhupada, Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, Madhya-lila, 4.111, purport, emphasis added) “This is the purpose of diksa, or initiation. Initiation means receiving the pure knowledge of spiritual consciousness.“ (Srila Prabhupada, purport to CC Madhya-lila, 9.61, emphasis added)
“Then you can say ‘Yes, I know everything’ Diksa. Diksa, initiation, diksa, this Sanskrit word, diksa, means divya-jnanam ksipayati ask from spiritual master with service and surrender the transcendental knowledge. The more you ask, you become a man of knowledge. Then you can challenge, and then ‘Yes, I know everything’.” (Srila Prabhupada, Morning Walk, June 11th, 1974, emphasis added) “Di… Divya. There are two words, divya-jnana. Divya-jnana means transcendental, spiritual knowledge. So divya is di, and jnanam, ksapayati, explaining, that is ksa, di-ksa. This is called diksa, diksa, the combination.“(Srila Prabhupada, lecture on Srimad-Bhagavatam 6.1.15, given in Auckland, on February 22nd, 1973, emphasis added) “Oh. So this is… So many devotees are being initiated. So initiation means, the Sanskrit word is diksa. Diksa, divya jnanam ksapayati iti diksa. Divya-jnana. There are two kinds of knowledge: divya and mundane.”(Srila Prabhupada, Initiation Lecture, given in Toronto, on June 17th, 1976, emphasis added)
“Well, initiation or no initiation, first thing is knowledge. [break] …knowledge. Initiation is formality. Just like you go to a school for knowledge, and admission is formality. That is not very important thing.” (Srila Prabhupada, Press Interview, October 16th, 1976, Chandigarh, emphasis added) “So they came to me, and I saw the same saintly persons whom I met 1922. I was very glad to receive. In this way, my connection was more intimate with my Guru Maharaja. And in 1936, or 1933, I was initiated officially, although I was initiated 1922. But officially, I was initiated in 1933, although from 1922 to 1933 I was always thinking of His Divine Grace Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami Maharaja.“ (Srila Prabhupada, evening lecture on His Divine Grace Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami Prabhupada’s Appearance Day, given in Gorakhpur, on February 15th, 1971, emphasis added) “The eternal bond between disciple and spiritual master begins from the first day he hears. Just like my spiritual master. In 1922 he said in our first meeting, you are educated boys, why don’t you preach this cult. That was the beginning, now it is coming to fact.” (Srila Prabhupada, letter to Jadurani, New Vrindaban, 4th of September, 1972, emphasis added)
Discovering these, and others like them had a powerful effect on me. Things finally began to make some sense.
This letter will posit diksa as a process. The essential and core aspect of that process will be seen as the transfer of transcendental knowledge. The ceremony associated with this process will be seen as secondary, not essential.
This is a good time to introduce the term “bhagavati diksa“, a term that I understand to be associated with Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s conception of initiation. The term doesn’t appear in the Vedabase, as far as I’m aware. But when Srila Prabhupada is speaking of diksa in terms of “divya-jnanam ksapayati“, I assume that he’s referring to bhagavati diksa, or something along similar lines. The ceremony often associated with the diksa process I will separate out, for the purpose of this letter, and put in the category “pancaratrika“.
Jagadananda (Jan Brzezinski, formerly also known as Hiranyagarbha) is a scholar associated with the line of Lalita Prasad Thakura, Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s brother. Below is something he posted to the Audarya Fellowship Forum (emphasis added):
“After carefully going through Brahmana o Vaishnava (the text of the speech Siddhanta Saraswati gave in Balighai, Medinipur in 1911), I believe that the cornerstone of Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati’s reform consisted in devaluating Pancharatrika initiation in favour of a new concept, that of Bhagavati diksha. He explains Bhagavati diksha in Brahmana o Vaishnava as being equivalent to the instruction Hari Das Thakur to the prostitute, where Hari Das says that he has taken diksha (Prabhupada translates ‘vow’) in the sacrifice of the Holy Name, i.e., of chanting a crore of names in a month).
“I assume that since there is little to support Saraswati’s ever taking Pancharatrika diksha from Gaura Kishor Das Babaji, and it also seems that the timing is right (Saraswati took initiation from GKDB in 1901 and started his billion name vow not long thereafter), that this is how Saraswati understood Bhagavati initiation.
“Saraswati may have meant more than simply Hari Nam initiation, as the expression ‘bhajana siksha’ is also bandied about, but he also argues that mantra-initiation is not particularly important since archana as a devotional process is secondary to chanting the Holy Name, to which end he quotes the relevant Bhagavata-sandarbha section on the necessity of being initiated to engage in archana.
“Furthermore, the Bhagavata parampara does not seem to need a direct physical connection with the preceding acharya, so it is not altogether out of the question that Saraswati intended (or would have approved) an institution modeled along the lines that you and the Ritviks describe. Even so, since I assume that you would consider puja or archan to be a necessary part of Prabhupada’s institution, some kind of Pancharatrika initiation would be necessary for that purpose. Some kind of ritual initiation signifying membership in the institution would also presumably be part of your vision. This has traditionally been one of the functions of the Pancharatrika initiation, so why not connect the two? It seems more logical to identify the connection as being directly with Prabhupada rather than eliminating initiation entirely.“
When the topic of initiation is discussed, eventually and invariably the topic of “the tradition” also comes up. The question to ask would be: whose tradition is it? Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s tradition? Or the tradition of the traditional parivars, the non-Saraswata lines?
The ISKCON organization’s Bhakti Vikasa wrote a 3-volume book about Srila Bhaktisiddhanta. I haven’t read that book. But I did find an excerpt from it, transcribed by someone, on an internet discussion forum. The emphasis is added by the original poster:
“In 1932 Visvambharananda dasa Babaji, on behalf of many babajis and caste Goswamis in Vrndavana, published a book opposing Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati and his Mission, citing extensively from sastra to support his arguments. He challenged that the line of parampara traced from Jagannatha dasa Babaji through Bhaktivinoda Thakura to Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji and then to Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati was unauthorized. Visvambharananda claimed that although Sarasvati Thakura was supposed to be the disciple of Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji, he was disqualified in several ways. First, Sarasvati Thakura did not accept as bona fide the recognized lineage of Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji, whose guru was in the Advaita-parivara. Furthermore, since Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji had never used a japa-mala, and had not given one to Sarasvati Thakura at the time of initiation but had simply placed some Navadvipa dust into his hand, Visvambharananda argued that such an initiation was not bona fide. The implication was that Sarasvati Thakura had not actually received pancaratrika-diksa from Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji, so how could he confer it upon others? Nor had Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji worn a brahmana thread, so on what authority did Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati wear one?
“Moreover, Visvambharananda argued, Sarasvati Thakura claimed to be a follower of Bhaktivinoda Thakura, who was initiated by the caste Goswami Bipina Bihari. Why then did Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati not accept guru-parampara by seminal descent? Bhaktivinoda Thakura had given him a Nrsimha mantra for worshiping the Deity, yet Sarasvati Thakura was giving a Radha-Krsna mantra for this purpose. Wherefrom did he derive this mantra, and on whose authority did he distribute it? Visvambharananda further objected that since Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati was a sannyasi without a sannyasa guru, how could he give sannyasa to others?
“Sarasvati Thakura responded by explaining the concept of bhagavata-parampara, or siksa-parampara. He maintained that the essence of parampara lies in the transmission of transcendental knowledge, not merely in a list of contiguous names. The life of the parampara is maintained by the maha-bhagavatas, who embody the essence of scriptural knowledge. Therefore, to trace the parampara through such maha-bhagavatas truly represents parampara.
“He said, ‘Bhaktivinoda Thakura is Kamala Manjari, a personal associate of Radharani. He ordered me to establish daiva-varnasrama. I must obey his order. The acarya is not under the sastra. The acarya can make sastra. Bhaktivinoda Thakura, the acarya, has inspired me in various ways. By his mercy and that of Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji Maharaja and the previous acaryas we are going on, not caring for the precise technicalities of smartas.
“‘Although this concept of bhagavata-parampara appears to be new, it is based on the essential understanding of the scriptures. Something new given by an acarya but based on sastra is called vaisistya (a special characteristic). Acaryas Ramanuja and Madhva both apparently introduced something new, but because their teachings were based on sastra they came to be accepted. Phalena pariciyate: ‘An action should be understood by its result.’ My commitment to devotional service and my preaching activities speak for themselves. Owl-like persons cannot see this, but those who are honest will accept it.’“
The above introduces us to some of the disagreements between Srila Bhaktisiddhanta and members of traditional parivars.
Let’s say that initiation’s a mango. We know from Srila Prabhupada’s Elevation to Krsna Consciousness, that…
“If we want to purchase a mango from the market, we must at least know what type of food a mango is and what it looks like.“
We have to be clear on what diksa actually is. The mango is not the box it comes in. Mistaking the mango for the box can cause heartache, and can cause us to side-step the nourishment that is the mango.
The controversy about how Srila Bhaktisiddhanta supposedly never received initiation frames “initiation” in a certain way. And only via that particular frame is there any cause for controversy.
If we understand diksa as based on the transmission of sound vibration and transcendental knowledge, from the realized teacher to the heart of the qualified student, at a certain stage of the student’s development, then there’s really no cause for controversy. Things only get messy and controversial if we understand diska primarily as a ceremony.
As Dhira Govinda writes in a Sun article (emphasis added):
“The disciplic succession in the line of Srila Prabhupada and Srila Bhaktisiddhanta is based on sound vibration, not on the formal initiation ceremony. Through sound vibration transcendental knowledge is conveyed. This is the essential aspect of the process of initiation. And this essential aspect is not dependent on formal initiation, though the processes of formal initiation are meant to serve and support the essential component of the initiation process, receiving transcendental knowledge.“
In an article at Krishnascience.info, Ekanatha is quoted as follows (emphasis added):
“Jiva Gosvami quotes one verse from the Agamas (Visnu-yamala) in anuccheda 283 of the Bhakti-sandarbha. There it is stated that diksa means that one receives ‘divya-jnana’ from the guru and that this ‘divya-jnana’ destroys the seeds of one’s sinful desires. But this is really all. He doesn’t say that this must be done by some formality. In other words, we may also conclude that a person who hears divya-jnana, and whose doubts and sinful desires are consequently destroyed, must thus be considered initiated. This very state can therefore also be attained by siksa.“
In the same article, Bhanu Swami is quoted (emphasis added):
“Gangamata Goswamini didn’t perform yajna. No one in Gaudiya Vaisnava sampradaya did yajna for initiations. They just gave out mantras without much fanfare. There is pancaratric ceremony including yajna for Vaisnava initiation, but the origins of the yajna we perform seem to come solely from the custom set up by Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati to give upanayanam Vedic samskara after giving Vaisnava mantras.“
We can move on to another excerpt from something that Jagadananda posted to the Audarya forum (emphasis added):
“All of this can quite easily be resolved if we remember that Siddhanta Saraswati himself NEVER claimed to have received Pancharatrika initation from Babaji Maharaj, but Bhagavati diksha.
“The debate thus shifts to the following: What constitutes bhagavati diksha?
“We have been debating this issue for years. Have a close look at Saraswati Thakur’s ‘Brahman o Vaishnava’ book. There he speciïfically states that the Bhagavata parampara is not dependent on Pancharatrika initiation. Saraswati deliberately separated himself from the Pancharatrika ‘mantra businessmen’ and started a new sampradaya.
“What is interesting is that subsequent to Saraswati Thakur, legitimacy in the Gaudiya Math has once again be established by Pancharatrika initiation. The Ritvikvadis, for instance, claim that the system of Bhagavati diksha to Srila Prabhupada is still possible, and that the external act of Pancharatrika initiation is a mere formality. This is exactly Saraswati Thakur’s position.
“There are a number of Srila Prabhupada quotes, especially from his letters, that also support this.“
Weird Al Yancovik’s song “Weasel Stomping Day” has the great lines: “Why we do it, who can say?“, and: “It’s tradition, that makes it okay“.
“It’s against the tradition! It’s against sastra!“, people sometimes exclaim. Everybody’s a Vaisnava scholar these day, it seems.
Here’s an excerpt from a blog post by Jagadananda:
“In fact, there are other, objective criteria by which one can measure a person’s spiritual acumen, and the reliance on external signs like initiation for legitimacy is only superficially helpful. In this case, however, initiation means more than the possibility of perfection, it means the adoption of external rites and rituals, external modes of dress and other kinds of cultural distinction. The traditional Gaudiya Vaishnavas have a 500-year-old culture that has to a great extent been jettisoned by the Gaudiya Math.“
For our purpose, let’s replace the word “culture”, in the text above, with the word “tradition”. Jettisoned. That means: discarded, abandoned, thrown overboard.
I wonder if the conception of initiation that is currently held in the ISKCON organization ultimately comes from groups that Srila Prabhupada might refer to as babajis and caste goswamis. That is to say those who would refer to themselves as the traditional parivars.
I wonder if a misunderstanding of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s conception of initiation was carried over into the various splinters of what was once the Gaudiya Matha. This misunderstanding might well have been influenced by ideas held by the surrounding culture. By “surrounding culture” I’m referring to the babajis, caste goswamis, and other groups that might fall under the umbrella term “traditional parivar“.
I wonder if this conception of initiation, the one that equates diksa with a ceremony, and seems to emphasize physical presence over most other considerations, traveled thusly:
traditional parivars —-> splinters of what was once the Gaudiya Matha —-> ISKCON organization
I remember getting a CD-ROM that had on it a bunch of quotes from Srila Prabhupada about his Godborthers. The general theme seemed to be to keep a distance. We have, for example, the line from a 1974 letter to Rupanuga: “They cannot help us in our movement, but they are very competent to harm our natural progress.“
If Srila Prabhupada were to see his Godbrothers as purely passing on what they all received from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, then there would be no cause for concern. But instead, in his letter to Rupanuga, Srila Prabhupada states: “So it is better not to mix with my Godbrothers very intimately because instead of inspiring our students and disciples they may sometimes pollute them.“
Based on one version of the story, it’s told that Srila Bhaktisiddhanta made various enemies. He spoke strongly, and some people didn’t like it. His disciples would be hearing “Your guru’s off“. It may be that under all of this external pressure, ideas from the surrounding culture, ideas opposed by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, eventually made their way into what used to be the Gaudiya Matha. Some of those ideas might then have subsequently made their way in to the ISKCON organization, via contact with some of Srila Prabhupada’s Godbrothers, perhaps helping to form the current conception of what “the tradition” is.
The Srila Bhaktisiddhanta documentary “The Universal Teacher” I also found worth watching. You get a taste of some of what Srila Bhaktisiddhanta was facing. There’s one segment in the video that sticks in my mind, where Tripurari is saying:
“They would cite the philosophy, and question his initiation. And this and so many things. And doctrines came up in opposition to him. So many fine detailed points. Ignoring his emphasis on…uh…being the enemy of hypocrisy and emphasis on serving disposition.“
Neal Delmonico (Nitai) left the ISKCON organization in the 1970s, and has written about it in his Nitai Zine. He is, as far as I understand, associated with a traditional parivar, a traditional non-Saraswata line. Still, if one reads him a certain way, he really does shine a light on the genius of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, perhaps sometimes unintentionally. This same genius we see shining forth in Srila Prabhupada.
As we march on, let’s keep in mind two guiding principles. (1) Srila Bhaktisiddhanta received initiation. (2) The mango is not the box it comes in.
The following is from an article in issue # 7 of Nitai Zine (emphasis added):
“In the last issue, I said I would describe my departure from ISKCON and some of my experiences both before and after leaving. The beginning of the end occurred when Dr. Kapoor dropped his bombshell on me, informing me that Bhaktisiddhanta was not properly initiated. When, after several days, the shock finally subsided somewhat, I began to consider my options. I had by then left Prabhupad’s traveling entourage where I had for almost three years been the Sanskrit editor, and had settled in Vrindaban.“
Next comes something from issue # 1 (emphasis added):
“The main reason for my departure from ISKCON was that I came to believe (and I still believe) that Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvat never received proper initiation into the Caitanya Vaisava sampradaya (community). This revelation absolutely shook my world to pieces. I remember sitting on the roof of ISKCON’s Vrindaban guest house the following day sadly watching the sun come up. It seemed like a different sun and the world I saw was not the one I had been familiar with. It was now a strange and frightening one. For weeks I had no idea what I was going to do. The man who broke the news to me was Dr. OBL Kapoor, elder savant of the Caitanya Vaisava tradition and member of the Gaudiya Math (his initiation name in the GM was Adikesava Das).“
(…)
“Why did I come to believe that Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvat was never initiated? This was almost universally the reason ex-members of the Gaudiya Math gave for their own departures from that organization. I had always been told that after the death of Bhaktisiddhanta in 1937, the Gaudiya Math gradually disintegrated as a result of the struggle for power and greed. The actual impetus I learned was more principled than that. It was the result of the discovery of the inauthenticity of Bhaktisiddhanta’s initiation. The man who began the fracture of the GM was Bhaktiprasada Puri Das Goswami, known before his renunciation as Anantavasudeva Das, the leader of the GM who was handpicked by Bhaktisiddhanta himself. His reason was precisely his own discovery of the fundamental flaw in the parampara of the GM. After a four-month long series of lectures on the Bhakti-sandarbha of Sri Jiva Gosvamin, begun in Bengal and completed in Vrindaban, he called all the members of the Math together, especially the sannyasis, and announced his own departure from the institution. He also informed them that their own efforts were in vain. Without the proper initiation of their teacher, Bhaktisiddhanta, the mantras he gave them in initiation were useless. The institution of sannyasa, too, the renounced order of life according to the system of asramas or stages in a exemplary Hindu life, which was instituted by Bhaktisiddhanta in Caitanya Vaisavism, was also groundless (since Bhaktisiddhanta had given it to himself). He advised all the sannyasis to go home and get married. Their pursuit of sannyasa was a sham and a waist [sic] of time. Most importantly of all he advised them that for their own spiritual good they get properly initiated from an authentic lineage within the Caitanya tradition. This I heard from several aged Vaisnavas in Vrindaban and Nabadwip who knew Puri Das personally and who left along with him or some time shortly afterwards.“
Again I’ll assert that Srila Bhaktisiddhanta received initiation, in case my meaning isn’t getting through. If we understand diksa and parampara as a flow of transcendental knowledge, then there’s no cause for worry. But what all of this does show is that Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s tradition, the one that he passes on to Srila Prabhupada, and which Srila Prabhupada then passes on to us, is distinct from the tradition of the traditional parivars.
Below is an excerpt from the book Back to Godhead 1944-1960, The Pioneer Years. The article is titled “Identity of Lord Chaitanya“, and is originally from March 20th, 1960. Srila Prabhupada writes (emphasis added):
“Srila Rupa Goswami and Srila Sanatan Goswami both are principal followers of Sri Swarup Damodar Goswami who acted as the most confidential servitor and constant companion of Lord Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu whose name was known as Viswambhar in His early life.
“And from Srila Rupa Goswami, Srila Raghunath Das Goswami comes as the direct disciple and the author of Sri Chaitanya Charitamrita i. e., Sri Krishna Das Kaviraj Goswami stands to be his direct follower.
“From Goswami Krishna Das Kaviraj the direct disciple is Srila Narottam Das Thakur who accepted Viswanath Chakrabarty as his servitor. Viswanath Chakrabarty accepted Jagannath Das Babajee from whom Srila Bhaktivinode Thakore was initiated and Srila Gour Kishore Das Babajee the spiritual master of Om Vishnupada Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Prabhupad-the Divine spiritual Master of our humbleself.“
This parampara is similar to the one we find at the beginning of Srila Prabhupada’s commentary on the Sri Caitanya Caritamrta. Look at it carefully before we move on. This next bit is taken from an online discussion forum. See how a person affiliated with a traditional parivar might respond to the disciplic succession given above (emphasis added).
Regarding Bhaktisiddhanta’s version of the rest of the guru-parampara:
Sanatana Gosvami was actually the disciple of Vidyavacaspati.
Rupa Gosvami was a disciple of Sanatana Gosvami.
Jiva Gosvami was a disciple of Rupa Gosvami.
Raghunatha das Gosvami was a disciple of Yadunandana Acarya.
Narottama Das Thakura was a disciple of Lokanatha Gosvami, not of Krsna das Kaviraja.
Visvanatha Cakravarti was a disciple of Radha Ramana Cakravarti and never met his would-be guru Narottama, for they lived a century apart.
Baladeva Vidyabhusana was a disciple of Radha Damodara Gosvami, not of Visvanatha Cakravarti.
Jagannatha das Babaji lived 150 years after his would-be guru Baladeva Vidyabhusana.
Bhaktivinoda was a disciple of Vipin Bihari Gosvami, not of Jagannath das Babaji.
These two different versions of the story seem to come from different understandings of what initiation is. Srila Prabhupada has some wonderful statements about diksa, and it’s relation to divya-jnanam. I encourage us to seek them out. That stuff will change your life, if you let it. In a way, those statements from Srila Prabhupada should really be enough for us. The thing is, you’ll find that a surprising number of persons who present themselves as followers of Srila Prabhupada, of various stripes, really don’t give a damn what Srila Prabhupada said. Convinced as they are that they know the sastra and “the tradition”.
Which brings me to a comment that Dhira Govinda made, and that appears on a mirror of the Prominent Link website (emphasis added):
“This discussion of ‘tradition’ is interesting, and thought-provoking. As Alex Prabhu indicates above, ‘tradition’ is sometimes used to support the current system in ISKCON. An implication of this is that ‘tradition’ is of one particular flavor, which clearly isn’t the case if we examine the tradition of our sampradaya. We might not generally think of ‘tradition’ as indicating that a disciple initiates while his initiator is still present. However, preceptors such as Brahma and Vyasa are present, and generations of their spiritual descendants have initiated. Generally we think of tradition as implying that when the Vaisnava who conducted the formal initiation ceremony passes away, then the initiate accepts disciples, meaning that the initiate conducts initiation ceremonies. As is increasingly understood, the tradition of our parampara is not based on the performance of initiation ceremonies, and thus the standard of tradition described in the previous sentence does not apply, though of course in some instances the performance of the initiation ceremony is performed by the same Vaisnava who is the direct link to the parampara. The tradition of our parampara is that sometimes the links are not even on the same planet at the same time, during any part of the course of their lives.
“Thus, there are several anomalies to the ‘standard tradition’ in our own parampara, to the extent that I believe we must consider the relevance of this conception of the ‘standard tradition’, with ‘the guru’ being the devotee who conducts the ceremony, and when he passes away then the disciple accepts disciples, etc. It seems that this is not our tradition, though in some cases the precedents of the Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya sampradaya overlap with this, apparently cursory, sense of tradition. Of course we learn from various traditions, and even awareness of misapprehensions of them. While such historical study informs our practice and understanding, I think it important that it not overshadow or interfere with a direct consciousness of Srila Prabhupada’s intentions and instructions, which sometimes conform with tradition and sometimes not. For me, an understanding of ‘acarya’ is that Srila Prabhupada is empowered to diverge from tradition, powerfully conveying to us the essence of the message from Sri Krsna in a manner perfectly applicable to our situation.“
And what if Srila Prabhupada is not really diverging from tradition? What if Srila Prabhupada is passing on to us what he received from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta?
Here’s another excerpt from that blog post by Jagadananda (emphasis added):
“There were many reasons that Saraswati Thakur felt incapable of reforming Gaudiya Vaishnavism from within the system, so he broke away. But break away he did, let us make no mistake. I repeat this again for all those in the Gaudiya Math and Iskcon who still try to establish some kind of diksha relationship between the various members of their Parampara system. Saraswati Thakur created a new, Bhagavati parampara, whose basis is not Pancharatrika initiation.“
Before we jump to the next quote, let’s get some things straight. For our purpose, let’s understand the words “diksha relationship” in the text above as referring to a ceremony, or as Jagadananda writes later on: “Pancharatrika initiation”. Remember, the mango’s not the box. There may well be a real diksa relationship between the various members of our parampara, and if we’re not blinkered by the conception of diksa as a ceremony, then we can more easily see that relationship.
We continue with some more comments from Jagadananda, taken from a post to the Audarya forum (emphasis added):
“Historically speaking, we have a number of conflicting reports, but I think that we can take it on the evidence provided by Saraswati himself that (1) he never took Pancharatrika initiation from Gaura Kishor Das Babaji Maharaj; (2) this was a deliberate choice on his part (or perhaps that of his guru); (3) that he held Pancharatrika initiation to be subordinate to Bhagavati diksha and that therefore one who had the latter could give the former, even without having received the same.
“Unfortunately these ideas are a bit revolutionary for many of us to comprehend. This may be attributable to a certain ‘sthula buddhi’ (please see the discussion on the currently active diksha thread on this forum). However, I would say that the majority of people in Iskcon and the Gaudiya Math have either not understood or not been able to communicate this fundamental premise about initiation, even though Sridhar Maharaj clearly stated that the Gaudiya Math was a ‘siksha’ sampradaya, not a ‘diksha’ sampradaya. As I said, the adherence to Pancharatrika norms in the period subsequent to Saraswati Thakur are proof enough of this. (Pancharatrika initiation is necessary for an institution, to establish legitimacy.)
“This idea is not without merit and I believe that it existed prior to Saraswati Thakur himself. On the whole, the idea is that we all belong to a family of devotees who follow the ideals of Rupa and Raghunath. Saraswati Thakur chose to separate himself from the other ‘followers of Rupa and Raghunath’ for numerous reasons, most of which you are no doubt familiar with.“
While we’re on the topic of Sridhara, the Gaudiya Matha, and the Audarya forum, below’s something that I found there a few years ago. A comment written by Audarya-lila, a follower of Tripurari (emphasis added):
“Diksha is a two way affair – a relationship. It is not a one time thing where one recieves a mantra and then it’s done. We develop gradually in our spiritual lives. As I understand it – the process goes on forever, but in terms of being ‘complete’ – when one reaches to the stage of bhava then real spiritual life begins to dawn. Until such time there will be many ups and downs, trials and tribulations – but when one is fixed -nistha – then some genuine taste (bhava) begins to arise in the sadhaka.
“Sri Guru is there throughout the development of the sadhaka to guide and help the disciple progress. Sridhara Maharaja has spoken in another way about spiritual life – he said ‘we are all students forever. Since diksha is the transmission of divya jnana, or realized knowledge – and that is constantly unfolding – one could say that Diksha continues on forever.“
Over the course of July 14th-17th, 2007, I corresponded with Dhira Govinda by email about an aspect of Srila Prabhupada’s teachings on initiation. We ended up including part of that correspondence in a Sampradaya Sun article. And I’m including that part below:
Dhira Govinda dasa: (…) “Suppose we hear from Srila Prabhupada, and based on this hearing we chant sixteen rounds per day, rise early, study his books, participate in Hari Nam kirtan and bhajan, etc. So, someone in such a situation might claim ‘I am receiving transcendental knowledge from Srila Prabhupada, and this is the essence of initiation, so I am initiated by Srila Prabhupada.’ I think, though, that this would be a shallow understanding, or a misunderstanding, of the process. To understand how and why, and to avoid a cheap sort of pseudo-PL model, it is important to grasp a distinction between siksa and diksa.
“My understanding is that the person described in the paragraph above is receiving siksa from Srila Prabhupada. (…) It is knowledge received through the external senses, though not the essential divya-jnana, spiritual knowledge received in the heart of the soul, as Lord Brahma was initiated by Sri Krsna- tene brahma hrda ya adi-kavaye, or as described in the prayers to the spiritual master, divya jnan hrde prokoshito. So, as we receive siksa and follow the instructions and absorb the knowledge, then it becomes diksa, with divya-jnana received at the soul level, as the essence.
“As we’ve discussed many times, initiation is a process. We connect with this process from the first time we encounter Srila Prabhupada’s books, or hear the Maha Mantra in the line of the authentic parampara, etc. So it’s a process, and at some point in the process we may say that initiation has actually taken place, just like we may say ‘The milk is boiling,’ though actually it’s in the process of boiling. Then at some particular point the milk is actually at the boiling point, and that in itself can also be seen as just the beginning of the boiling process.” (…)
Alex: (…) “I have been in contact with Krsna Consciousness for 11 years now, and not that I am the yardstick by which others should be judged, but I feel like I am at that first level you describe. I have read some of Srila Prabhupada’s books, heard some lectures, and I’m endeavoring to put things into practice, and that’s where I’m at, where I want to be. I haven’t had any mystical experience where knowledge is revealed in my heart. The first level that you describe, which you call siksa, that’s what I want.” (…)
Dhira Govinda dasa: “I appreciate your personal sharing. For myself, I could replace ’11 years’ with ’27 years’, and express much the same as you have. Certainly I couldn’t say that by adherence to Srila Prabhupada’s siksa, the essence of divya-jnana has congealed in my heart and thus I am receiving diksa in the true sense. My adherence is sporadic and shallow. For myself I wouldn’t say that I haven’t had any mystical experience, or knowledge revealed in my heart. Whatever my lack of qualifications and sincerity, I believe that something, some spark, has landed deeply, due to the mercy of Srila Prabhupada and Krsna. Otherwise I don’t think I’d be able to continue steadily reading Srila Prabhupada’s books and chanting sixteen rounds per day, however inattentively that may be. It seems to me that the siksa and diksa processes work spontaneously, interactively, not necessarily linearly, though the general process is that siksa, following instructions, leads to diksa, genuine divya-jnana revealed and received at the level of the soul.
“The question raised is the point at which enough genuine divya-jnana, real diksa, is present so as to qualify for a formal initiation ceremony. The principles involving the distinctions and relationship between siksa and diksa are philosophical. The issue of what constitutes the precise ‘boiling point’ and therefore the point at which formal initiation is appropriate, may be more managerial in nature.” (…)
We weave in and out. Between history and philosophy. This point in the letter might be a good place to present two quotes from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta:
“The spiritual acarya is known as guru. He awards third birth to the living entities by giving them initiation, in the form of imparting transcendental knowledge. In this third birth a person engages in spiritual cultivation and attains freedom from material conceptions.” (Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, Sajjana-toshani, Vol. 19, Part 7/8, emphasis added) “If a person is not qualified to own something, how can he give it to others? Therefore the scriptures declare that one cannot worship Vishnu with mantras that are received from a nondevotee. One should give up the association of such nondevotees and take initiation, in the form of transcendental knowledge, from a Vaishnava spiritual master. Unless one gives up the bad association of persons who are averse to the Vaishnavas, he achieves no benefit.” (Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, Brahmana & Vaisnava, Vyavahara-kanda, emphasis added)
This next section will be a sizeable chunk of quoted matter from Jagadananda. Again from the Audarya forum. Giving us an additional foundation. Helping us to see Srila Prabhupada, and our experience of him in our lives, in light of what Srila Bhaktisiddhanta introduced (re-introduced?). Even though this is a fairly long section, I think it’s important to read it, in order to get a sense of the bigger picture. It may well be that arguments based on “the tradition”, are basically a bluff, at least when presented in the context of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s line (emphasis added).
“Those in the diksha sampradayas will never accept the siksha sampradaya as bonafide. They will always say, ‘If you accept the siksha, then you will accept the siksha about diksha.’ This will be very hard to overcome.
“On the other hand, those in the Gaudiya Math must come to a proper understanding of the nature of Bhagavati diksha and all that it entails vis-a-vis the traditional Gaudiya Vaishnava sampradaya.
“(1) That Pancharatrika initiation transmitted without the Bhagavati diksha (or conversion experience) is useless.
“(2) That Saraswati Thakur did indeed start a new sampradaya, the Brahma Madhva Gaudiya Saraswata sampradaya. Though it is new, it claims to be true to the original goals of Mahaprabhu, Rupa and Raghunath.
“(3) That Saraswati’s ideas connected to Siddha pranali are intrinsically and deeply connected to this debate.
“(4) That Saraswati’s ideas connected to Daiva Varnashram are intrinsically and deeply connected to this debate.“
(…)
“Read Brahman 0 Vaishnava, especially the middle chapter, and you will see what Saraswati Thakur means about Pancharatrika vidhi and Bhagavata vidhi.
“In Saraswati’s opinion, Bhagavati vidhi is primary, Pancharatrika is secondary. If one has attained perfection on the Bhagavata path, there is no objection to initiating in the Pancharatrika mantras because siddhi is not dependent on those mantras. They are only a tool for use in archan.”
(…)
“Just as Saraswati rejected Brahminical status by birthright, he similarly rejected the idea of automatic accession to guru status by the same means. This doctrine is one of the lynchpins of the Gaudiya Math and requires some detailed analysis, especially since legitimacy in Gaudiya Vaishnavism (even in some cases, to the deviant lines) customarily required initation [sic] in a recognized line leading back to one of Chaitanya’s associates. Saraswati claimed to be initiated by Gaura Kishor Das Babaji, but contrary to custom, placed no importance on the line of disciplic succession in which his guru himself had taken initiation and never communicated this line to his own disciples. Rather, he innovated something called the bhagavata-parampara. Furthermore, Saraswati clearly marked his separation from the rest of Gaudiya Vaishnavism by giving initiation to Vaishnavas who had already received the mantra from a family guru (kula-guru).
“Though some point to the fact that Saraswati ‘did not have high regard for Bipin Bihari Goswami’ (his father’s spiritual master), it seems that his quarrel was not with any individual, by with the entire existing system.“
(…)
“Siddhanta Saraswati took initiation from Gaura Kishor Das Babaji in January, 1901. Legend has it that he had to ask his master three times before being accepted, as the humble hermit of lower caste background at first doubted the sincerity of the well-to-do scholar. There are differing ideas about the type of initiation Saraswati received: according to some biographers he was given mantra, for others it was a bhagavati diksha. Not surprisingly, bhagavati diksha is a concept unfamiliar to most people, even those within the Gaudiya Math, as the only kind of initiation current in Vaishnava circles has always been of the pancharatrika type. The result is that many have wasted much time and effort unnecessarily trying to establish that Siddhanta Saraswati received pancharatrika-type mantra initiation from Gaura Kishor Das.“
(…)
“To summarize, it would appear that Saraswati went beyond simply criticism of the deterioration of morality in the sampradaya, but attacked some of its most cherished institutions, which had been established as early as the Kheturi festival.“
(…)
“I have found three definitions of Bhagavati diksha–one appears to be the transmission of the desire to serve (i.e., the conversion experience is the real initiation; or the ‘planting of the bhakti-lata bija’), the second is the giving of the order to engage in Harinam. (Saraswati quotes the use of the word diksha in Haridas Thakur’s speech to the prostitute from Chaitanya Charitamrita as support.) The third would be a wholehearted commitment to the teachings of the guru.
“Saraswati’s ‘bhagavati diksha’ in 1901 was followed shortly afterward by a committed attempt to perform a yajna of a billion Holy Names, so it seems to me that the second definition was the one Saraswati gave most importance to. This is also the one he gives in the ‘Brahmana o Vaishnava’ booklet.“
(…)
“Saraswati claimed that the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition had been infected by a kind of ritualistic approach to religion, styled as vidhi-marga, in opposition to the spontaneous devotional spirit of the bhagavata school of Vaishnavism that had existed at the origins of Chaitanya’s movement.”
(…)
“We get an idea of what Siddhanta Saraswati meant by bhagavati diksha from his Brahmana 0 Vaishava essays where he cites the example of Hari Das Thakur, a Muslim convert, who likely never received pancharatrika initation, who says:
“I have been initiated into a vow to perform a great sacrifice by chanting the holy name a certain number of times every day. As long as the vow to chant is unfulfilled, I do not desire anything else. When I finish my chanting, my vow comes to an end (dIkSAra vizrama)… I have vowed to chant ten million names in a month. I have taken this vow (diksha), but it is now nearing its end. (1)
“Saraswati continues, ‘Unless one becomes qualified as a sacrificial Brahmin in the sacrifice of chanting the holy names, the name of Krishna does not manifest. Although Hari Das was not a seminal or Vedic Brahmin, he had attained the position of a qualified initiated (daikSa) Brahmin.’ (2) In other words, the simple commitment to regularly chant the holy names a certain number of times constitutes bhagavati diksha. Saraswati’s own life bears this out, as not long after receiving this initiation, he took up a vow to chant a billion holy names in Mayapur.
“Saraswati then goes on to distinguish between the Bhagavata and Pancharatra schools of Vaishnavism.
“According to his analysis, though there were originally many categories of Vaishnava, all but two of them had been lost. These were the Bhagavatas, whom he associates broadly with bhava-marga, or the path of emotion (raganuga bhakti), and the Pancharatras, who are associated with the ritualistic path of deity worship (vidhi-marga). The former followed the ecstatic path of chanting the Holy Name, the religious procedure meant for the Age of Kali, while the latter followed a path that had been prescribed in a previous age.
“Saraswati divides the four principal Vaishnava acharyas according to these two categories, assimilating Madhvacharya and Nimbaditya to Bhagavata-marga and Ramanujacharya and Vishnuswami to the latter. Nevertheless, to a greater or lesser extent, he admits there had been an intermingling of the two broad groups of Vaishnavas, with the elements of the Bhagavata culture based on hearing and chanting being accepted by the Pancharatras and the Bhagavatas accepting the need for deity worship on the lower stages of practice (kaniSTha-adhikAra).
“According to Saraswati, though Madhva strictly speaking followed the bhagavata-marga and Madhavendra Puri had accepted initiation in his line, neither Madhavendra nor Chaitanya accepted his doctrines, which had in time been infiltrated by pancharatrika ideas. In fact, at a certain point Saraswati even equates Madhva’s ‘Tattva-vada’ with Pancharatra. Saraswati cites Baladeva Vidyabhushan who, though considered by many to be wholly responsible for the Gaudiyas claims of connection to the Madhvas, pointed out four teachings in the Madhva line to be particularly unacceptable to Gaudiya Vaishnavas. Thus, Saraswati says, ‘This Tattva—vada, or pancharatrika system, is not acceptable in the opinion of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Rather, He taught the path of bhagavata-marga.’
“Saraswati further goes on to associate everything that is connected to the vidhi-marga with Pancharatra, and all that is with the raga-marga to the Bhagavata path.“
Another thing I found instructive was reading something that B.G. Narasimha wrote about the Jiva Institute. It also gives a taste of the philosophical conflicts that may have existed in Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s time, and how some of the same themes are still with us today. B.G. Narasimha writes (emphasis added):
“This time the attack against our parampara was coming from a young Indian scholar (once a member of ISKCON) who was representing the arguments and objections of the anti-party guru – an elderly Hindu scholar. As it turned out, in their opinion, not even Bhaktivinode Thakur is bona-fide, what then to speak of Saraswati Thakur and his followers“
By “anti-party” he means the Jiva Institute, and the followers of Haridas Sastri. B.G. Narasimha continues:
“A three hour special interview was first conducted by a third party and the discussions were tape-recorded. In a separate meeting the Brahmacharis sat in Satya Narayana’s library at the Jiva Institute and listened to the three hour taped interview and carefully took notes.“
B.G. Narasimha mentions there being 25 points of criticism by the Jiva Institute. Among them are criticisms like (emphasis added):
2) “Bhagavat-diksa does not exist, there is no logical meaning of bhagavata-diksa.
3) “We can understand Krishna and sastra only through proper diksa-parampara.
(…)
5) “Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakura Prabhupada is a rebel against the parampara. He disregarded all the proper diksa lines and attempted to establish his own concocted line by picking famous names from the Gaudiya history.
(…)
9) “We must have an unbroken diksa line, because, through that channel not only are we doing service in this plane but also in the eternal plane . One must have a practical guide along the whole way.
Point 9 feels similar to an attitude one might encounter within the ISKCON organization, at least at the time when I was in contact with it. Point 2 reminds me of a COM post from 1999, by Bhaktarupa, (formerly available online, but no longer) where he states:
“And your friend knows as well as everyone else that there is no ‘bhagavati diksa’, so this is some obfuscation. But there is a bhagavat parampara which consists of a general flow of teachings from one prominent personality to another. Just because we are following a bhagavat parampara does not mean that we are not also following a diksa parampara.“
I think that this concept of “the tradition” seems to have a hold on many people’s minds. The idea of a message being passed down from time immemorial, and making it’s way down to us. But what is it that is being handed down? Who is it that is handing it down to us? What if all the talk about “the tradition” is not really accurate? What if people who talk about “the tradition” are actually (perhaps even unknowingly) using similar arguments to those used that were used against Srila Bhaktisiddhanta? What if Srila Prabhupada is not really innovating something new, but is simply handing down to us something that he received from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta?
It seems to me that a lot of people really don’t think about this stuff, they simply repeat what somebody in the organization told them. And if what they were told isn’t true, or doesn’t really make sense, or doesn’t really seem to gel with the overall body of Srila Prabhupada’s teachings, for whatever reason, they don’t seem bothered by it. They don’t seem troubled by the internal contradictions.
I guess this may be where Sridhara Swami comes in. Srila Prabhupada had both positive and negative things to say about him. After Srila Prabhupada’s disappearance pastime, leaders in the ISKCON organization met with Sridhara. And he told them certain things, and they went on to do what they did. From what I remember, Sridhara even mentions bhagavati diksa in one of the transcripts of those talks, but seems to simply equate it to the Harinama initiation (ceremony). Now, these leaders’ minds may well have already been fertile for what Sridhara was giving, but he still played his role in the whole drama.
I’ve heard the terms “siksa parampara” and “siksa sampradaya” used, during my time orbiting the ISKCON organization. And for better or worse, they have implanted themselves in my psyche. I’m curious as to whether Srila Prabhupada (or Srila Bhaktisiddhanta) ever actually used those terms. That is, I’m curious whether to hold onto those terms, or to purge them from myself. I know that Bhakti Vikasa, in the previously-quoted excerpt from his book, seems to have Srila Bhaktisiddhanta equating “siksa parampara” with bhagavata-parampara, but that may simply be Bhakti Vikasa’s paraphrase, things as seen through his lens, rather than a direct quote from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta. I’m curious if we have anything other than Sridhara’s words for this concept of “siksa parampara“.
What I mean is, what if our parampara really is a diksa parampara, simply that the meaning of diksa has been misrepresented?
Below is a quote from a Bhaktarupa comment, originally from and old COM post that used to be available online, but which seems to have since been pulled. Anyway, I saved it onto a data stick. It’s the same excerpt that I included at the opening of my letter. Here it is again:
“A case can definitely be made that our Srila Prabhupada stressed siksa. As amatter of fact, Sivarama Maharaja in his recent book not only says that, but also concludes that Srila Prabhupada considered diksa to be simply another kind of siksa. This is certainly creating lots of ammo for both the ritvik and the Gaura-nagari camps.“
I’m aware of Sivarama’s book, but after having listened to his guru-tattva lecture tape series, years ago, when I was still in contact with the ISKCON organization, I never felt inspired to really dig any deeper in his stuff. More recently, I’ve been toying with the idea of buying the book, in hopes that maybe he presents quotes from Srila Prabhupada that I haven’t yet seen, that further reinforce the “diksa is siksa” idea.
As far as I can tell, all of this stuff seems to point to siksa and diksa as possibly being two stages along a continuum. This gets kind of tricky as it posits “diksa” as both a continuum, and a stage along that same continuum.
I put the milk on the heating element, and somebody asks me what I’m doing. “Boiling milk“, I reply.
But the milk might not yet have actually reached its boiling point. So it’s not really boiling, is it? Not yet anyway. But the “boiling process”, for lack of a snazzier jargon, has begun.
Reading a book could be seen as taking in sensory impressions through the external senses, taking them within, and this may still be well within the “siksa” range of the diksa continuum.
The siksa/diksa distinction may be similar in some ways to the jnana/vijnana distinction. With diksa being an internal realization/revelation of what was previously taken into the self through siksa. Divya jnan hrde prokoshito. Maybe something like: tene brahma hrda ya adi-kavaye.
I’d lean towards seeing Srila Bhaktisiddhanta as reviving something primordial, that had perhaps become distorted over time, rather than him inventing something new. I mean this in the sense of him perhaps speaking out against a “tradition” that may have by then become degraded. But who really knows? In any case, I trust Srila Bhaktisiddhanta‘s judgment in preserving the essence of the thing. And I assume that we then receive that same essence from Srila Prabhupada.
To get back to the milk analogy, I put milk on the stove, on a hot element. Someone asks me what I’m doing and I reply that I am boiling some milk. But really, the milk is not yet boiling. The boiling process has begun, but the boiling temperature has not yet been reached. This might be seen as the siksa stage of the continuum. The heat is acting on the milk like the siksa is acting on the jiva. When the milk actually begins to boil, this might be said to be the beginning of diksa in the true sense. Here transcendental knowledge is being revealed in the heart, not simply taken in through the external senses, as siksa. Something is changing in the jiva, like the milk is changing when it starts to boil.Well, in a sense the jiva is changeless, so it’s not actually changing, but it’s becoming more fully manifest, peeking out more and more from behind its material coverings.
It’s not always easy to talk about this, because diksa is so often spoken about in a superficial way, similar to how you can “convert” to whatever religion, thought without necessarily having any serious internal transformation. Simply an external rite of passage.
I used to be fairly neutral to Sridhara, respectful from a distance, though I am less and less inclined to see him in that way now. I’m open to the possibility that Sridhara may have played an important role in the breakdown of the GM, and even perhaps in the distortion of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s legacy, and there are quotes from Srila Prabhupada that seem to me to be consistent with that. But that’s a big topic, and a controversial one.
Certainly Srila Prabhupada was kind to Sridhara, glorified his good qualities, encouraged him, worked with him, acknowledged their shared history and their friendship, but I think he nonetheless saw Sridhara for who he was. If you look at the context of
the letter where Srila Prabhupada calls Sridhara the “best of the lot”, there is a section where Srila Prabhupada says: “You are right about Sridhara Maharaja’s genuineness.“Often this is taken to mean something like: “Yes, you are right that Sridhar is genuine“.
But if you look at the logical flow of the letter, and if you read the testimony of the person to whom Srila Prabhupada was writing, it seems to be something different.
From what I understand, from what I’ve read, the person to whom Srila Prabhupada was writing was narrating an event that took place at Sridhara’s matha. An even that made Sridhara look bad, make him look not genuine. This is what Srila Prabhupada seems to be referring to.
In the sense of: yes, you are right about Sridhara’s genuineness (that is, his lack of it). “But in my opinion he is the best of the lot. He is my old friend, at least he executes the regulative principles of devotional service.” It’s faint praise.
I think that this conflict over the meaning of initiation goes at least as far back as the days of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta vs the caste goswamis and babajis. It’s not something that originated with the GBC vs “the ritviks“.
I think that Sridhara Swami may well have misunderstood, and/or misrepresented Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s concept of bhagavati-diksa, including in his meetings with ISKCON org leaders, after Srila Prabhupada’s disappearance pastime. And this aspect of the drama may potentially tie my letter in with some of the work that you’re so courageously doing.
Srila Bhaktisiddhanta seems to contrast bhagavati-diksa with pancharatrika-diksa, where I would understand pancharatrika-diksa to be the standard external formalities associated with the initiation process: fire, bananas, beads, mantras, an “unbroken lineage”, etc.
It seems that bhagavati diksa is something internal, and might have various components. Supposedly, at times, Srila Bhaktisiddhanta seems to speak about it as a vow taken to chant a certain volume of japa, as Srila Haridas Thakura did, though being a Muslim he likely had not undergone the ritualistic formalities. Other times it seems, in Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s writings, that bhagavati-diksa might be seen as some kind of primordial conversion experience, separate from the rituals.
Taking the big picture, taking the quotes from both Srila Prabhupada and Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, it seems to me that bhagavati-diksa might well encompass the entire diksa process, where diksa is seen as the transmission of divya-jnana.
And not only divya-jnana received through the external senses, like the eyes and ears, but ultimately divya-jnana awakened from within, like divya-jnana hrde prokasito. Seeds taken in through the eyes and ears, but eventually landing in the soil of the heart and growing and blossoming there. An internal transformation. Leading to a deep commitment.
I’m not sure if Jagadananda fully grasps all aspects of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s conception of bhagavati-diksa, but I think he has important pieces of the puzzle.
There are a number of articles that helped me to get increased clarity on this whole topic. I want to thank Harakumara and Hasti Gopala for the Sun articles that they wrote, and which impacted me. Hasti Gopala’s was beautiful in its simplicity. I want to thank Jalakara for “The Sons of the Son: The Breakup of the Gaudiya Matha“. More recently I read Dusyanta’s ”
Clarification and Statement to Date“, with its emphasis on the principle of transcendental sound as opposed to the “ceremonial-diksa” formality. I also feel grateful for a number of things that I’ve read from Mahesh Raja, on the topic of what constitutes actual diksa. I maintain gratitude to Dhira Govinda for his PL writings. And I want to thank George A. Smith. An article of his first inspired me to compile what you’re reading now. In George’s “Formal Initiation is a Formality” we read:
“In response to Rasaprema’s conviction that his interpretation of the word ‘initiation’ as referring to the formal ceremony commonly referred to as dika [sic] is the correct one, and that therefore everyone must undergo this formal rite in order to receive spiritual initiation, the Rtviks have responded in agreement, only differing in minor details of how it should be conducted within ISKCON. I have responded differently than the Rtviks, with the counterclaim that what Rasaprema believes to be an ‘essential’ element of Vaisnava Sadhana that is applicable to all times, places and circumstances is not, and that it is only a mere formality.“
Let’s now go to some transcribed text from Jagadananda’s article in the book “The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant” (emphasis added):
“Most Bengali Gaudiya Math authors seem to favor the term bhagavati diksa.“
(…)
“…where it is translated as ‘esoteric initiation into Bhagavata Dharma’.“
(…)
“It may be that Saraswati was in fact reverting to a more primordial concept of initiation as a genuine rebirth, or conversion, rather than a ritual formality of any kind.“
Another excerpt, from a different section of the same book article (emphasis added):
“The bhagavata parampara idea had never stopped Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati from initiating disciples according to a Pancaratrika model. On the other hand, his ideas about unconventional leadership may have prevented him from designating a successor, in the expectation that a true spiritual leader would emerge from the ranks of his disciples.“
Jagadananda’s article also quotes from a text by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, where Srila Bhaktisiddhanta states (emphasis added):
“Descendents of the Gaudiya Vaishnava acharyas became more or less attached to the path of archan, like the followers of the Pancaratras, and spread subordination to Sriman Mahaprabhu [Chaitanya], sometimes in its pure form, but more often in a perverted form.“
(…)
“While preaching the pure path of bhava [spontaneous love of God] explained in the Srimad Bhagavatam, Sriman Mahaprabhu distinguished it from mundane formalities, but in due course of time His teachings have become distorted into a branch of the Pancaratrika system. This, however, is not the purpose of Sriman Mahaprabhu’s pure preaching.“
One more thing comes to mind, as we get closer to the end of this letter. On February 5th, 2010, Puranjana posted a letter on his Myspace blog from someone identified only as: ******** Dasi. Here’s what she wrote:
“I might get pelted for this. Srila Narayana Maharaj is my Guru who gave me Harinam initiation, about 3 years after I wandered about in Iskcon. But in my heart and soul, where great intense devotion and love exists, which is inexplicably far deeper than for my own Guru, lives Srila Prabhupad. And I never met him, nor heard him. But I do know through experience he is alive. Very much alive.“
Years ago, I read a short article entitled “Guru and Initiation: an answer for our time“. It impacted me and inspired further research, chanting, and introspection. The article quotes from a lecture labeled as being from May 21st, 1968. One time I even mentioned a quote from that lecture in response to an IRM text. I was informed that no such lecture appears in the Vedabase. In an article on the IRM page, someone writes:
“The ‘lecture excerpt from 5/21/68′ DOES NOT EXIST. At least not on the Vedabase. Therefore unless ‘Alex’ possesses access to a lecture which no one else has seen, his argument here is fabricated. And if he does possess access to this lecture, let him please produce the tape for us to check this quote. Thank you.“
After sharing an earlier version of this letter/article with some people via email, someone kindly responded, informing me that the lecture from May 21st, 1968, was recently transcribed and would be included in the next version of the Vedabase (emphasis added):
“Initation, initation does not mean that it is a ceremony and it is finished. No, it is progressing, it is progressing just like education. It is progressing, so in the first beginning, is the ceto-darpana-marjanam (Antya 20.12). Just to cleanse oneself from the understanding of material identification, hare krsna hare krsna, so at least for one year chanting regularly. Observing the rules and regulations one comes to the platform of ..spiritual platform and then another initiation this is called diksa. That is also diksa, that is the first process. This diksa second process is not very essential the essential is to chant.” (C-030__680521IN-BOS)
The transcriber was even kind enough to send me an mp3 of the lecture.
There’s probably so much more to be researched, learned, refined, understood, clarified, realized and absorbed. And I welcome that, but this letter has already gotten quite long. But before we part ways I wanted to leave you with one last quote:
“. . . There was one doubt that was plaguing me . . .I had always been taught when I was first joining that the parampara is like a link, a chain. If you don’t have the perfect link, if you are not initiated- You really cannot go back to Godhead . . . I presented this question to Prabhupada. I followed Srila Prabhupada from Rupa Gosvami’s Samadhi back into the courtyard, and just before Srila Prabhupada took the steps, in the courtyard, I said ‘We are distributing so many books but if people who read them aren’t initiated then they can’t go back to Godhead.’ And Prabhupada turned and looked at me right in the eyes and he said ‘Just by reading my books they are initiated.’“
(Memories of Srila Prabhupada, Tape #31, Vaikunthanatha speaking about Srila Prabhupada in Vrndavana in 1972, emphasis added)
The reality underneath all the fog is that Srila Prabhupada is available. He is available to be one’s primary source of transcendental knowledge, and consequently one’s point of absolute surrender. The details related to the initiation ceremony do not change that reality.
I thank you for reading thus far, and as always, I wish you all the best.
Alex
BHAGVATI: “By My Order.”
This is a subject matter into which we have not delved. It is already cluttered with sentiment and venom. However, what is presented in this paper, is well researched and historic in its origins. Hopefully it will shed a bright light on a matter of great concern.
Thank You for your time and effort, Alex. Much appreciated.
BIF
“My Guru Maharaja was attempted to be killed. Twenty-five thousand rupees were raised fund for bribing the police officer. He told me personally. The Navadvipa, Navadvipa Gosais, they wanted to kill him. So preaching work is always risky.“
“A case can definitely be made that our Srila Prabhupada stressed siksa. As a matter of fact, Sivarama Maharaja in his recent book not only says that, but also concludes that Srila Prabhupada considered diksa to be simply another kind of siksa. This is certainly creating lots of ammo for both the ritvik and the Gaura-nagari camps.“
(Bhaktarupa dasa, an old COM post, no longer online, emphasis added)
Dear BIF,
How to begin? In this letter there’ll be some history related to Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, and a little bit about my experience of the ISKCON org. But I’ve been thinking about maybe throwing in one more quote. This one being an excerpt from Mahavidya’s article “More On Seeing God“:
“I also agree with Mahesh Raja prabhu that Srila Prabhupada is our siksa Guru,
He can also be everyone’s siksa Guru.
That’s straightforward enough.
His instructions are there for everyone, should they wish to take them.
But,
please explain
just how does Srila Prabhupada gives Diksa initiation after his physical departure?
Is this another mystical esoteric claim that no one can verify?”
I like the two questions in the excerpt, the second question especially.
In 2000, in Philadelphia I sat in front of a fire, and participated in a ceremony where Ravindra Svarupa was present. I was given a name and beads. That much is simple enough. But how did I receive “diksa initiation” from Ravindra? How did it take place? Did I even really receive “diksa initiation” from Ravindra? If one answers either “yes” or “no” to this last question, isn’t this simply another mystical esoteric claim that no one can verify? How does my direct personal experience of the events of that day (and afterwards) factor into all of this?
I could assert something like: “In 2000, in Philadelphia, I did not receive ‘diksa initiation’ from Ravindra Svarupa. The ceremony was largely psychodrama.” And actually, I do assert this.
If someone objects to my assertion, how can they respond? They might say something like: “Yes you did“, perhaps followed by an explanation of their understanding of what constitutes “diksa initiation”. But can a person really prove that my assertion is wrong? Can they verify it? I know that a person could describe the external (exoteric) events that took place in the Philly temple on that day. Would a description of those exoteric events be sufficient to prove or verify that “diksa initiation” had taken place? When we say that Krsna Consciousness is a science, do we mean it? Or are we co-opting a word, in hopes of attracting gullible people?
Is diksa not itself an esoteric process? Isn’t it ultimately about the transformation of consciousness, brought about through received transcendental knowledge? Divya jnanam ksapayati iti diksa? Divya-jnan hrde prokasito?
In a 2007 article from the Sun, I wrote:
“If it had been clear to me in 2000 that Srila Prabhupada is qualified and available to be my current link to the parampara, and my point of absolute surrender, then I find it hard to imagine that I would have gone ahead with the initiation ceremony that I chose to participate in.
“Instead, I would have had gratitude for the positive things that I learned from the ISKCON leader who I had previously ‘aspired’ for. But I wouldn’t have played pretend, nor attempted to force myself to see this ISKCON leader as my current link to the parampara. Chances are that I might have eventually drifted away from him. I drifted away from this leader anyway, despite the ceremony.
“Basically I didn’t have sufficient confidence in this man to surrender to him fully, as my current link to the parampara. I felt like I was engaging in a charade, and eventually the whole thing felt too empty to continue.“
Let me say that the topics discussed below are no longer at the front of my consciousness. The work that BIF is doing, in connection with a monumental offense that may have been committed against Srila Prabhupada, seems much more important than any of what’s in this letter. If, as you and some others put forward, Srila Prabhupada was truly given poison with homicidal intent, then that is something really huge. A huge offense that would have to be completely rectified before Srila Prabhupada’s movement could truly move forward with its intended potency. That being said, it may be that what I touch on here isn’t wholly unrelated to the work that you’re doing.
Let’s transition into some history. Some people say that Srila Bhaktisiddhanta was never initiated by Srila Gaurakisora dasa Babaji. This assertion seems to be based on a particular understanding of the meaning of initiation. The different understandings of initiation, that held by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta and that held by the traditional non-Saraswata Vaisnava lines, also seem to shine a light on our present situation, and on our relationship with Srila Prabhupada.
Some of the quoted excepts in this letter will come from scholars associated with non-Saraswata lines. I think they have unique and valuable insights on this topic. They have contact with Srila Prabhupada’s teachings, are aware of certain controversies in the ISKCON organization and in the Gaudiya Matha, and are not blinkered by some of the taboos that may have developed in those two aforementioned organizations. Also, since they have much less of a vested interest, and are freer to go where the evidence seems to lead. There will be various quotes from different corners of the Vaisnava world, and undoubtedly at least some of the people quoted will be out of favor with at least some of your readers. We can choose to look at all these quotes, and see how they fit in light of Srila Prabhupada’s teachings.
When I first came in contact with KC teachings in the mid-nineties, so much that I encountered there felt like home. It felt right, it made sense, and resonated intuitively at a deep level. A glaring exception was how some of Srila Prabhupada’s followers talked about initiation. That part didn’t make sense at all. To paraphrase something I once read on the Audarya Forum: everybody tells you that you need it (initiation) but nobody seems to know exactly what it is.
Years later, after having gone through the ISKCON machine, I found some quotes from Srila Prabhupada that tie in to the quote from Bhaktarupa, included at the top of this letter. Quotes that speak about initiation (diksa) in terms of a transfer of transcendental knowledge (divya-jnana) from teacher to student. Quotes like these, for example:
“Diksa means… Di, divya-jnanam, transcendental knowledge, and ksa, iksa. Iksa means darsana, to see, or ksapayati, explain. That is called diksa.” (Srila Prabhupada, lecture, July 29th, 1968, emphasis added) “Diksa means initiation. Di means divya jnanam, and ksa means ksapayati. From the day of initiation, you simply get spiritual knowledge, transcendental knowledge.“ (Srila Prabhupada, lecture on Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.16.1, given in Los Angeles, on December 29th, 1973, emphasis added) “So initiation means, the Sanskrit word is diksa. Diksa, divya jnanam ksapayati iti diksa. Divya-jnana.” (Srila Prabhupada, initiation lecture, June 17th, 1976)
“Diksa means divya-jnanam ksapayati iti diksa. Which explains the divya-jnana, transcendental, that is diksa. Di, divya, diksanam. diksa. So divya-jnana, transcendental knowledge…“ (Srila Prabhupada, Room Conversation, January 27th, 1977, in Bhubaneswar, emphasis added) “Diksa actually means initiating a disciple with transcendental knowledge by which he becomes freed from all material contamination.“ (Srila Prabhupada, Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, Madhya-lila, 4.111, purport, emphasis added) “This is the purpose of diksa, or initiation. Initiation means receiving the pure knowledge of spiritual consciousness.“ (Srila Prabhupada, purport to CC Madhya-lila, 9.61, emphasis added)
“Then you can say ‘Yes, I know everything’ Diksa. Diksa, initiation, diksa, this Sanskrit word, diksa, means divya-jnanam ksipayati ask from spiritual master with service and surrender the transcendental knowledge. The more you ask, you become a man of knowledge. Then you can challenge, and then ‘Yes, I know everything’.” (Srila Prabhupada, Morning Walk, June 11th, 1974, emphasis added) “Di… Divya. There are two words, divya-jnana. Divya-jnana means transcendental, spiritual knowledge. So divya is di, and jnanam, ksapayati, explaining, that is ksa, di-ksa. This is called diksa, diksa, the combination.“(Srila Prabhupada, lecture on Srimad-Bhagavatam 6.1.15, given in Auckland, on February 22nd, 1973, emphasis added) “Oh. So this is… So many devotees are being initiated. So initiation means, the Sanskrit word is diksa. Diksa, divya jnanam ksapayati iti diksa. Divya-jnana. There are two kinds of knowledge: divya and mundane.”(Srila Prabhupada, Initiation Lecture, given in Toronto, on June 17th, 1976, emphasis added)
“Well, initiation or no initiation, first thing is knowledge. [break] …knowledge. Initiation is formality. Just like you go to a school for knowledge, and admission is formality. That is not very important thing.” (Srila Prabhupada, Press Interview, October 16th, 1976, Chandigarh, emphasis added) “So they came to me, and I saw the same saintly persons whom I met 1922. I was very glad to receive. In this way, my connection was more intimate with my Guru Maharaja. And in 1936, or 1933, I was initiated officially, although I was initiated 1922. But officially, I was initiated in 1933, although from 1922 to 1933 I was always thinking of His Divine Grace Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami Maharaja.“ (Srila Prabhupada, evening lecture on His Divine Grace Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami Prabhupada’s Appearance Day, given in Gorakhpur, on February 15th, 1971, emphasis added) “The eternal bond between disciple and spiritual master begins from the first day he hears. Just like my spiritual master. In 1922 he said in our first meeting, you are educated boys, why don’t you preach this cult. That was the beginning, now it is coming to fact.” (Srila Prabhupada, letter to Jadurani, New Vrindaban, 4th of September, 1972, emphasis added)
Discovering these, and others like them had a powerful effect on me. Things finally began to make some sense.
This letter will posit diksa as a process. The essential and core aspect of that process will be seen as the transfer of transcendental knowledge. The ceremony associated with this process will be seen as secondary, not essential.
This is a good time to introduce the term “bhagavati diksa“, a term that I understand to be associated with Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s conception of initiation. The term doesn’t appear in the Vedabase, as far as I’m aware. But when Srila Prabhupada is speaking of diksa in terms of “divya-jnanam ksapayati“, I assume that he’s referring to bhagavati diksa, or something along similar lines. The ceremony often associated with the diksa process I will separate out, for the purpose of this letter, and put in the category “pancaratrika“.
Jagadananda (Jan Brzezinski, formerly also known as Hiranyagarbha) is a scholar associated with the line of Lalita Prasad Thakura, Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s brother. Below is something he posted to the Audarya Fellowship Forum (emphasis added):
“After carefully going through Brahmana o Vaishnava (the text of the speech Siddhanta Saraswati gave in Balighai, Medinipur in 1911), I believe that the cornerstone of Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati’s reform consisted in devaluating Pancharatrika initiation in favour of a new concept, that of Bhagavati diksha. He explains Bhagavati diksha in Brahmana o Vaishnava as being equivalent to the instruction Hari Das Thakur to the prostitute, where Hari Das says that he has taken diksha (Prabhupada translates ‘vow’) in the sacrifice of the Holy Name, i.e., of chanting a crore of names in a month).
“I assume that since there is little to support Saraswati’s ever taking Pancharatrika diksha from Gaura Kishor Das Babaji, and it also seems that the timing is right (Saraswati took initiation from GKDB in 1901 and started his billion name vow not long thereafter), that this is how Saraswati understood Bhagavati initiation.
“Saraswati may have meant more than simply Hari Nam initiation, as the expression ‘bhajana siksha’ is also bandied about, but he also argues that mantra-initiation is not particularly important since archana as a devotional process is secondary to chanting the Holy Name, to which end he quotes the relevant Bhagavata-sandarbha section on the necessity of being initiated to engage in archana.
“Furthermore, the Bhagavata parampara does not seem to need a direct physical connection with the preceding acharya, so it is not altogether out of the question that Saraswati intended (or would have approved) an institution modeled along the lines that you and the Ritviks describe. Even so, since I assume that you would consider puja or archan to be a necessary part of Prabhupada’s institution, some kind of Pancharatrika initiation would be necessary for that purpose. Some kind of ritual initiation signifying membership in the institution would also presumably be part of your vision. This has traditionally been one of the functions of the Pancharatrika initiation, so why not connect the two? It seems more logical to identify the connection as being directly with Prabhupada rather than eliminating initiation entirely.“
When the topic of initiation is discussed, eventually and invariably the topic of “the tradition” also comes up. The question to ask would be: whose tradition is it? Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s tradition? Or the tradition of the traditional parivars, the non-Saraswata lines?
The ISKCON organization’s Bhakti Vikasa wrote a 3-volume book about Srila Bhaktisiddhanta. I haven’t read that book. But I did find an excerpt from it, transcribed by someone, on an internet discussion forum. The emphasis is added by the original poster:
“In 1932 Visvambharananda dasa Babaji, on behalf of many babajis and caste Goswamis in Vrndavana, published a book opposing Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati and his Mission, citing extensively from sastra to support his arguments. He challenged that the line of parampara traced from Jagannatha dasa Babaji through Bhaktivinoda Thakura to Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji and then to Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati was unauthorized. Visvambharananda claimed that although Sarasvati Thakura was supposed to be the disciple of Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji, he was disqualified in several ways. First, Sarasvati Thakura did not accept as bona fide the recognized lineage of Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji, whose guru was in the Advaita-parivara. Furthermore, since Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji had never used a japa-mala, and had not given one to Sarasvati Thakura at the time of initiation but had simply placed some Navadvipa dust into his hand, Visvambharananda argued that such an initiation was not bona fide. The implication was that Sarasvati Thakura had not actually received pancaratrika-diksa from Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji, so how could he confer it upon others? Nor had Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji worn a brahmana thread, so on what authority did Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati wear one?
“Moreover, Visvambharananda argued, Sarasvati Thakura claimed to be a follower of Bhaktivinoda Thakura, who was initiated by the caste Goswami Bipina Bihari. Why then did Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati not accept guru-parampara by seminal descent? Bhaktivinoda Thakura had given him a Nrsimha mantra for worshiping the Deity, yet Sarasvati Thakura was giving a Radha-Krsna mantra for this purpose. Wherefrom did he derive this mantra, and on whose authority did he distribute it? Visvambharananda further objected that since Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati was a sannyasi without a sannyasa guru, how could he give sannyasa to others?
“Sarasvati Thakura responded by explaining the concept of bhagavata-parampara, or siksa-parampara. He maintained that the essence of parampara lies in the transmission of transcendental knowledge, not merely in a list of contiguous names. The life of the parampara is maintained by the maha-bhagavatas, who embody the essence of scriptural knowledge. Therefore, to trace the parampara through such maha-bhagavatas truly represents parampara.
“He said, ‘Bhaktivinoda Thakura is Kamala Manjari, a personal associate of Radharani. He ordered me to establish daiva-varnasrama. I must obey his order. The acarya is not under the sastra. The acarya can make sastra. Bhaktivinoda Thakura, the acarya, has inspired me in various ways. By his mercy and that of Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji Maharaja and the previous acaryas we are going on, not caring for the precise technicalities of smartas.
“‘Although this concept of bhagavata-parampara appears to be new, it is based on the essential understanding of the scriptures. Something new given by an acarya but based on sastra is called vaisistya (a special characteristic). Acaryas Ramanuja and Madhva both apparently introduced something new, but because their teachings were based on sastra they came to be accepted. Phalena pariciyate: ‘An action should be understood by its result.’ My commitment to devotional service and my preaching activities speak for themselves. Owl-like persons cannot see this, but those who are honest will accept it.’“
The above introduces us to some of the disagreements between Srila Bhaktisiddhanta and members of traditional parivars.
Let’s say that initiation’s a mango. We know from Srila Prabhupada’s Elevation to Krsna Consciousness, that…
“If we want to purchase a mango from the market, we must at least know what type of food a mango is and what it looks like.“
We have to be clear on what diksa actually is. The mango is not the box it comes in. Mistaking the mango for the box can cause heartache, and can cause us to side-step the nourishment that is the mango.
The controversy about how Srila Bhaktisiddhanta supposedly never received initiation frames “initiation” in a certain way. And only via that particular frame is there any cause for controversy.
If we understand diksa as based on the transmission of sound vibration and transcendental knowledge, from the realized teacher to the heart of the qualified student, at a certain stage of the student’s development, then there’s really no cause for controversy. Things only get messy and controversial if we understand diska primarily as a ceremony.
As Dhira Govinda writes in a Sun article (emphasis added):
“The disciplic succession in the line of Srila Prabhupada and Srila Bhaktisiddhanta is based on sound vibration, not on the formal initiation ceremony. Through sound vibration transcendental knowledge is conveyed. This is the essential aspect of the process of initiation. And this essential aspect is not dependent on formal initiation, though the processes of formal initiation are meant to serve and support the essential component of the initiation process, receiving transcendental knowledge.“
In an article at Krishnascience.info, Ekanatha is quoted as follows (emphasis added):
“Jiva Gosvami quotes one verse from the Agamas (Visnu-yamala) in anuccheda 283 of the Bhakti-sandarbha. There it is stated that diksa means that one receives ‘divya-jnana’ from the guru and that this ‘divya-jnana’ destroys the seeds of one’s sinful desires. But this is really all. He doesn’t say that this must be done by some formality. In other words, we may also conclude that a person who hears divya-jnana, and whose doubts and sinful desires are consequently destroyed, must thus be considered initiated. This very state can therefore also be attained by siksa.“
In the same article, Bhanu Swami is quoted (emphasis added):
“Gangamata Goswamini didn’t perform yajna. No one in Gaudiya Vaisnava sampradaya did yajna for initiations. They just gave out mantras without much fanfare. There is pancaratric ceremony including yajna for Vaisnava initiation, but the origins of the yajna we perform seem to come solely from the custom set up by Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati to give upanayanam Vedic samskara after giving Vaisnava mantras.“
We can move on to another excerpt from something that Jagadananda posted to the Audarya forum (emphasis added):
“All of this can quite easily be resolved if we remember that Siddhanta Saraswati himself NEVER claimed to have received Pancharatrika initation from Babaji Maharaj, but Bhagavati diksha.
“The debate thus shifts to the following: What constitutes bhagavati diksha?
“We have been debating this issue for years. Have a close look at Saraswati Thakur’s ‘Brahman o Vaishnava’ book. There he speciïfically states that the Bhagavata parampara is not dependent on Pancharatrika initiation. Saraswati deliberately separated himself from the Pancharatrika ‘mantra businessmen’ and started a new sampradaya.
“What is interesting is that subsequent to Saraswati Thakur, legitimacy in the Gaudiya Math has once again be established by Pancharatrika initiation. The Ritvikvadis, for instance, claim that the system of Bhagavati diksha to Srila Prabhupada is still possible, and that the external act of Pancharatrika initiation is a mere formality. This is exactly Saraswati Thakur’s position.
“There are a number of Srila Prabhupada quotes, especially from his letters, that also support this.“
Weird Al Yancovik’s song “Weasel Stomping Day” has the great lines: “Why we do it, who can say?“, and: “It’s tradition, that makes it okay“.
“It’s against the tradition! It’s against sastra!“, people sometimes exclaim. Everybody’s a Vaisnava scholar these day, it seems.
Here’s an excerpt from a blog post by Jagadananda:
“In fact, there are other, objective criteria by which one can measure a person’s spiritual acumen, and the reliance on external signs like initiation for legitimacy is only superficially helpful. In this case, however, initiation means more than the possibility of perfection, it means the adoption of external rites and rituals, external modes of dress and other kinds of cultural distinction. The traditional Gaudiya Vaishnavas have a 500-year-old culture that has to a great extent been jettisoned by the Gaudiya Math.“
For our purpose, let’s replace the word “culture”, in the text above, with the word “tradition”. Jettisoned. That means: discarded, abandoned, thrown overboard.
I wonder if the conception of initiation that is currently held in the ISKCON organization ultimately comes from groups that Srila Prabhupada might refer to as babajis and caste goswamis. That is to say those who would refer to themselves as the traditional parivars.
I wonder if a misunderstanding of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s conception of initiation was carried over into the various splinters of what was once the Gaudiya Matha. This misunderstanding might well have been influenced by ideas held by the surrounding culture. By “surrounding culture” I’m referring to the babajis, caste goswamis, and other groups that might fall under the umbrella term “traditional parivar“.
I wonder if this conception of initiation, the one that equates diksa with a ceremony, and seems to emphasize physical presence over most other considerations, traveled thusly:
traditional parivars —-> splinters of what was once the Gaudiya Matha —-> ISKCON organization
I remember getting a CD-ROM that had on it a bunch of quotes from Srila Prabhupada about his Godborthers. The general theme seemed to be to keep a distance. We have, for example, the line from a 1974 letter to Rupanuga: “They cannot help us in our movement, but they are very competent to harm our natural progress.“
If Srila Prabhupada were to see his Godbrothers as purely passing on what they all received from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, then there would be no cause for concern. But instead, in his letter to Rupanuga, Srila Prabhupada states: “So it is better not to mix with my Godbrothers very intimately because instead of inspiring our students and disciples they may sometimes pollute them.“
Based on one version of the story, it’s told that Srila Bhaktisiddhanta made various enemies. He spoke strongly, and some people didn’t like it. His disciples would be hearing “Your guru’s off“. It may be that under all of this external pressure, ideas from the surrounding culture, ideas opposed by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, eventually made their way into what used to be the Gaudiya Matha. Some of those ideas might then have subsequently made their way in to the ISKCON organization, via contact with some of Srila Prabhupada’s Godbrothers, perhaps helping to form the current conception of what “the tradition” is.
The Srila Bhaktisiddhanta documentary “The Universal Teacher” I also found worth watching. You get a taste of some of what Srila Bhaktisiddhanta was facing. There’s one segment in the video that sticks in my mind, where Tripurari is saying:
“They would cite the philosophy, and question his initiation. And this and so many things. And doctrines came up in opposition to him. So many fine detailed points. Ignoring his emphasis on…uh…being the enemy of hypocrisy and emphasis on serving disposition.“
Neal Delmonico (Nitai) left the ISKCON organization in the 1970s, and has written about it in his Nitai Zine. He is, as far as I understand, associated with a traditional parivar, a traditional non-Saraswata line. Still, if one reads him a certain way, he really does shine a light on the genius of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, perhaps sometimes unintentionally. This same genius we see shining forth in Srila Prabhupada.
As we march on, let’s keep in mind two guiding principles. (1) Srila Bhaktisiddhanta received initiation. (2) The mango is not the box it comes in.
The following is from an article in issue # 7 of Nitai Zine (emphasis added):
“In the last issue, I said I would describe my departure from ISKCON and some of my experiences both before and after leaving. The beginning of the end occurred when Dr. Kapoor dropped his bombshell on me, informing me that Bhaktisiddhanta was not properly initiated. When, after several days, the shock finally subsided somewhat, I began to consider my options. I had by then left Prabhupad’s traveling entourage where I had for almost three years been the Sanskrit editor, and had settled in Vrindaban.“
Next comes something from issue # 1 (emphasis added):
“The main reason for my departure from ISKCON was that I came to believe (and I still believe) that Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvat never received proper initiation into the Caitanya Vaisava sampradaya (community). This revelation absolutely shook my world to pieces. I remember sitting on the roof of ISKCON’s Vrindaban guest house the following day sadly watching the sun come up. It seemed like a different sun and the world I saw was not the one I had been familiar with. It was now a strange and frightening one. For weeks I had no idea what I was going to do. The man who broke the news to me was Dr. OBL Kapoor, elder savant of the Caitanya Vaisava tradition and member of the Gaudiya Math (his initiation name in the GM was Adikesava Das).“
(…)
“Why did I come to believe that Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvat was never initiated? This was almost universally the reason ex-members of the Gaudiya Math gave for their own departures from that organization. I had always been told that after the death of Bhaktisiddhanta in 1937, the Gaudiya Math gradually disintegrated as a result of the struggle for power and greed. The actual impetus I learned was more principled than that. It was the result of the discovery of the inauthenticity of Bhaktisiddhanta’s initiation. The man who began the fracture of the GM was Bhaktiprasada Puri Das Goswami, known before his renunciation as Anantavasudeva Das, the leader of the GM who was handpicked by Bhaktisiddhanta himself. His reason was precisely his own discovery of the fundamental flaw in the parampara of the GM. After a four-month long series of lectures on the Bhakti-sandarbha of Sri Jiva Gosvamin, begun in Bengal and completed in Vrindaban, he called all the members of the Math together, especially the sannyasis, and announced his own departure from the institution. He also informed them that their own efforts were in vain. Without the proper initiation of their teacher, Bhaktisiddhanta, the mantras he gave them in initiation were useless. The institution of sannyasa, too, the renounced order of life according to the system of asramas or stages in a exemplary Hindu life, which was instituted by Bhaktisiddhanta in Caitanya Vaisavism, was also groundless (since Bhaktisiddhanta had given it to himself). He advised all the sannyasis to go home and get married. Their pursuit of sannyasa was a sham and a waist [sic] of time. Most importantly of all he advised them that for their own spiritual good they get properly initiated from an authentic lineage within the Caitanya tradition. This I heard from several aged Vaisnavas in Vrindaban and Nabadwip who knew Puri Das personally and who left along with him or some time shortly afterwards.“
Again I’ll assert that Srila Bhaktisiddhanta received initiation, in case my meaning isn’t getting through. If we understand diksa and parampara as a flow of transcendental knowledge, then there’s no cause for worry. But what all of this does show is that Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s tradition, the one that he passes on to Srila Prabhupada, and which Srila Prabhupada then passes on to us, is distinct from the tradition of the traditional parivars.
Below is an excerpt from the book Back to Godhead 1944-1960, The Pioneer Years. The article is titled “Identity of Lord Chaitanya“, and is originally from March 20th, 1960. Srila Prabhupada writes (emphasis added):
“Srila Rupa Goswami and Srila Sanatan Goswami both are principal followers of Sri Swarup Damodar Goswami who acted as the most confidential servitor and constant companion of Lord Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu whose name was known as Viswambhar in His early life.
“And from Srila Rupa Goswami, Srila Raghunath Das Goswami comes as the direct disciple and the author of Sri Chaitanya Charitamrita i. e., Sri Krishna Das Kaviraj Goswami stands to be his direct follower.
“From Goswami Krishna Das Kaviraj the direct disciple is Srila Narottam Das Thakur who accepted Viswanath Chakrabarty as his servitor. Viswanath Chakrabarty accepted Jagannath Das Babajee from whom Srila Bhaktivinode Thakore was initiated and Srila Gour Kishore Das Babajee the spiritual master of Om Vishnupada Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Prabhupad-the Divine spiritual Master of our humbleself.“
This parampara is similar to the one we find at the beginning of Srila Prabhupada’s commentary on the Sri Caitanya Caritamrta. Look at it carefully before we move on. This next bit is taken from an online discussion forum. See how a person affiliated with a traditional parivar might respond to the disciplic succession given above (emphasis added).
Regarding Bhaktisiddhanta’s version of the rest of the guru-parampara:
Sanatana Gosvami was actually the disciple of Vidyavacaspati.
Rupa Gosvami was a disciple of Sanatana Gosvami.
Jiva Gosvami was a disciple of Rupa Gosvami.
Raghunatha das Gosvami was a disciple of Yadunandana Acarya.
Narottama Das Thakura was a disciple of Lokanatha Gosvami, not of Krsna das Kaviraja.
Visvanatha Cakravarti was a disciple of Radha Ramana Cakravarti and never met his would-be guru Narottama, for they lived a century apart.
Baladeva Vidyabhusana was a disciple of Radha Damodara Gosvami, not of Visvanatha Cakravarti.
Jagannatha das Babaji lived 150 years after his would-be guru Baladeva Vidyabhusana.
Bhaktivinoda was a disciple of Vipin Bihari Gosvami, not of Jagannath das Babaji.
These two different versions of the story seem to come from different understandings of what initiation is. Srila Prabhupada has some wonderful statements about diksa, and it’s relation to divya-jnanam. I encourage us to seek them out. That stuff will change your life, if you let it. In a way, those statements from Srila Prabhupada should really be enough for us. The thing is, you’ll find that a surprising number of persons who present themselves as followers of Srila Prabhupada, of various stripes, really don’t give a damn what Srila Prabhupada said. Convinced as they are that they know the sastra and “the tradition”.
Which brings me to a comment that Dhira Govinda made, and that appears on a mirror of the Prominent Link website (emphasis added):
“This discussion of ‘tradition’ is interesting, and thought-provoking. As Alex Prabhu indicates above, ‘tradition’ is sometimes used to support the current system in ISKCON. An implication of this is that ‘tradition’ is of one particular flavor, which clearly isn’t the case if we examine the tradition of our sampradaya. We might not generally think of ‘tradition’ as indicating that a disciple initiates while his initiator is still present. However, preceptors such as Brahma and Vyasa are present, and generations of their spiritual descendants have initiated. Generally we think of tradition as implying that when the Vaisnava who conducted the formal initiation ceremony passes away, then the initiate accepts disciples, meaning that the initiate conducts initiation ceremonies. As is increasingly understood, the tradition of our parampara is not based on the performance of initiation ceremonies, and thus the standard of tradition described in the previous sentence does not apply, though of course in some instances the performance of the initiation ceremony is performed by the same Vaisnava who is the direct link to the parampara. The tradition of our parampara is that sometimes the links are not even on the same planet at the same time, during any part of the course of their lives.
“Thus, there are several anomalies to the ‘standard tradition’ in our own parampara, to the extent that I believe we must consider the relevance of this conception of the ‘standard tradition’, with ‘the guru’ being the devotee who conducts the ceremony, and when he passes away then the disciple accepts disciples, etc. It seems that this is not our tradition, though in some cases the precedents of the Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya sampradaya overlap with this, apparently cursory, sense of tradition. Of course we learn from various traditions, and even awareness of misapprehensions of them. While such historical study informs our practice and understanding, I think it important that it not overshadow or interfere with a direct consciousness of Srila Prabhupada’s intentions and instructions, which sometimes conform with tradition and sometimes not. For me, an understanding of ‘acarya’ is that Srila Prabhupada is empowered to diverge from tradition, powerfully conveying to us the essence of the message from Sri Krsna in a manner perfectly applicable to our situation.“
And what if Srila Prabhupada is not really diverging from tradition? What if Srila Prabhupada is passing on to us what he received from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta?
Here’s another excerpt from that blog post by Jagadananda (emphasis added):
“There were many reasons that Saraswati Thakur felt incapable of reforming Gaudiya Vaishnavism from within the system, so he broke away. But break away he did, let us make no mistake. I repeat this again for all those in the Gaudiya Math and Iskcon who still try to establish some kind of diksha relationship between the various members of their Parampara system. Saraswati Thakur created a new, Bhagavati parampara, whose basis is not Pancharatrika initiation.“
Before we jump to the next quote, let’s get some things straight. For our purpose, let’s understand the words “diksha relationship” in the text above as referring to a ceremony, or as Jagadananda writes later on: “Pancharatrika initiation”. Remember, the mango’s not the box. There may well be a real diksa relationship between the various members of our parampara, and if we’re not blinkered by the conception of diksa as a ceremony, then we can more easily see that relationship.
We continue with some more comments from Jagadananda, taken from a post to the Audarya forum (emphasis added):
“Historically speaking, we have a number of conflicting reports, but I think that we can take it on the evidence provided by Saraswati himself that (1) he never took Pancharatrika initiation from Gaura Kishor Das Babaji Maharaj; (2) this was a deliberate choice on his part (or perhaps that of his guru); (3) that he held Pancharatrika initiation to be subordinate to Bhagavati diksha and that therefore one who had the latter could give the former, even without having received the same.
“Unfortunately these ideas are a bit revolutionary for many of us to comprehend. This may be attributable to a certain ‘sthula buddhi’ (please see the discussion on the currently active diksha thread on this forum). However, I would say that the majority of people in Iskcon and the Gaudiya Math have either not understood or not been able to communicate this fundamental premise about initiation, even though Sridhar Maharaj clearly stated that the Gaudiya Math was a ‘siksha’ sampradaya, not a ‘diksha’ sampradaya. As I said, the adherence to Pancharatrika norms in the period subsequent to Saraswati Thakur are proof enough of this. (Pancharatrika initiation is necessary for an institution, to establish legitimacy.)
“This idea is not without merit and I believe that it existed prior to Saraswati Thakur himself. On the whole, the idea is that we all belong to a family of devotees who follow the ideals of Rupa and Raghunath. Saraswati Thakur chose to separate himself from the other ‘followers of Rupa and Raghunath’ for numerous reasons, most of which you are no doubt familiar with.“
While we’re on the topic of Sridhara, the Gaudiya Matha, and the Audarya forum, below’s something that I found there a few years ago. A comment written by Audarya-lila, a follower of Tripurari (emphasis added):
“Diksha is a two way affair – a relationship. It is not a one time thing where one recieves a mantra and then it’s done. We develop gradually in our spiritual lives. As I understand it – the process goes on forever, but in terms of being ‘complete’ – when one reaches to the stage of bhava then real spiritual life begins to dawn. Until such time there will be many ups and downs, trials and tribulations – but when one is fixed -nistha – then some genuine taste (bhava) begins to arise in the sadhaka.
“Sri Guru is there throughout the development of the sadhaka to guide and help the disciple progress. Sridhara Maharaja has spoken in another way about spiritual life – he said ‘we are all students forever. Since diksha is the transmission of divya jnana, or realized knowledge – and that is constantly unfolding – one could say that Diksha continues on forever.“
Over the course of July 14th-17th, 2007, I corresponded with Dhira Govinda by email about an aspect of Srila Prabhupada’s teachings on initiation. We ended up including part of that correspondence in a Sampradaya Sun article. And I’m including that part below:
Dhira Govinda dasa: (…) “Suppose we hear from Srila Prabhupada, and based on this hearing we chant sixteen rounds per day, rise early, study his books, participate in Hari Nam kirtan and bhajan, etc. So, someone in such a situation might claim ‘I am receiving transcendental knowledge from Srila Prabhupada, and this is the essence of initiation, so I am initiated by Srila Prabhupada.’ I think, though, that this would be a shallow understanding, or a misunderstanding, of the process. To understand how and why, and to avoid a cheap sort of pseudo-PL model, it is important to grasp a distinction between siksa and diksa.
“My understanding is that the person described in the paragraph above is receiving siksa from Srila Prabhupada. (…) It is knowledge received through the external senses, though not the essential divya-jnana, spiritual knowledge received in the heart of the soul, as Lord Brahma was initiated by Sri Krsna- tene brahma hrda ya adi-kavaye, or as described in the prayers to the spiritual master, divya jnan hrde prokoshito. So, as we receive siksa and follow the instructions and absorb the knowledge, then it becomes diksa, with divya-jnana received at the soul level, as the essence.
“As we’ve discussed many times, initiation is a process. We connect with this process from the first time we encounter Srila Prabhupada’s books, or hear the Maha Mantra in the line of the authentic parampara, etc. So it’s a process, and at some point in the process we may say that initiation has actually taken place, just like we may say ‘The milk is boiling,’ though actually it’s in the process of boiling. Then at some particular point the milk is actually at the boiling point, and that in itself can also be seen as just the beginning of the boiling process.” (…)
Alex: (…) “I have been in contact with Krsna Consciousness for 11 years now, and not that I am the yardstick by which others should be judged, but I feel like I am at that first level you describe. I have read some of Srila Prabhupada’s books, heard some lectures, and I’m endeavoring to put things into practice, and that’s where I’m at, where I want to be. I haven’t had any mystical experience where knowledge is revealed in my heart. The first level that you describe, which you call siksa, that’s what I want.” (…)
Dhira Govinda dasa: “I appreciate your personal sharing. For myself, I could replace ’11 years’ with ’27 years’, and express much the same as you have. Certainly I couldn’t say that by adherence to Srila Prabhupada’s siksa, the essence of divya-jnana has congealed in my heart and thus I am receiving diksa in the true sense. My adherence is sporadic and shallow. For myself I wouldn’t say that I haven’t had any mystical experience, or knowledge revealed in my heart. Whatever my lack of qualifications and sincerity, I believe that something, some spark, has landed deeply, due to the mercy of Srila Prabhupada and Krsna. Otherwise I don’t think I’d be able to continue steadily reading Srila Prabhupada’s books and chanting sixteen rounds per day, however inattentively that may be. It seems to me that the siksa and diksa processes work spontaneously, interactively, not necessarily linearly, though the general process is that siksa, following instructions, leads to diksa, genuine divya-jnana revealed and received at the level of the soul.
“The question raised is the point at which enough genuine divya-jnana, real diksa, is present so as to qualify for a formal initiation ceremony. The principles involving the distinctions and relationship between siksa and diksa are philosophical. The issue of what constitutes the precise ‘boiling point’ and therefore the point at which formal initiation is appropriate, may be more managerial in nature.” (…)
We weave in and out. Between history and philosophy. This point in the letter might be a good place to present two quotes from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta:
“The spiritual acarya is known as guru. He awards third birth to the living entities by giving them initiation, in the form of imparting transcendental knowledge. In this third birth a person engages in spiritual cultivation and attains freedom from material conceptions.” (Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, Sajjana-toshani, Vol. 19, Part 7/8, emphasis added) “If a person is not qualified to own something, how can he give it to others? Therefore the scriptures declare that one cannot worship Vishnu with mantras that are received from a nondevotee. One should give up the association of such nondevotees and take initiation, in the form of transcendental knowledge, from a Vaishnava spiritual master. Unless one gives up the bad association of persons who are averse to the Vaishnavas, he achieves no benefit.” (Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, Brahmana & Vaisnava, Vyavahara-kanda, emphasis added)
This next section will be a sizeable chunk of quoted matter from Jagadananda. Again from the Audarya forum. Giving us an additional foundation. Helping us to see Srila Prabhupada, and our experience of him in our lives, in light of what Srila Bhaktisiddhanta introduced (re-introduced?). Even though this is a fairly long section, I think it’s important to read it, in order to get a sense of the bigger picture. It may well be that arguments based on “the tradition”, are basically a bluff, at least when presented in the context of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s line (emphasis added).
“Those in the diksha sampradayas will never accept the siksha sampradaya as bonafide. They will always say, ‘If you accept the siksha, then you will accept the siksha about diksha.’ This will be very hard to overcome.
“On the other hand, those in the Gaudiya Math must come to a proper understanding of the nature of Bhagavati diksha and all that it entails vis-a-vis the traditional Gaudiya Vaishnava sampradaya.
“(1) That Pancharatrika initiation transmitted without the Bhagavati diksha (or conversion experience) is useless.
“(2) That Saraswati Thakur did indeed start a new sampradaya, the Brahma Madhva Gaudiya Saraswata sampradaya. Though it is new, it claims to be true to the original goals of Mahaprabhu, Rupa and Raghunath.
“(3) That Saraswati’s ideas connected to Siddha pranali are intrinsically and deeply connected to this debate.
“(4) That Saraswati’s ideas connected to Daiva Varnashram are intrinsically and deeply connected to this debate.“
(…)
“Read Brahman 0 Vaishnava, especially the middle chapter, and you will see what Saraswati Thakur means about Pancharatrika vidhi and Bhagavata vidhi.
“In Saraswati’s opinion, Bhagavati vidhi is primary, Pancharatrika is secondary. If one has attained perfection on the Bhagavata path, there is no objection to initiating in the Pancharatrika mantras because siddhi is not dependent on those mantras. They are only a tool for use in archan.”
(…)
“Just as Saraswati rejected Brahminical status by birthright, he similarly rejected the idea of automatic accession to guru status by the same means. This doctrine is one of the lynchpins of the Gaudiya Math and requires some detailed analysis, especially since legitimacy in Gaudiya Vaishnavism (even in some cases, to the deviant lines) customarily required initation [sic] in a recognized line leading back to one of Chaitanya’s associates. Saraswati claimed to be initiated by Gaura Kishor Das Babaji, but contrary to custom, placed no importance on the line of disciplic succession in which his guru himself had taken initiation and never communicated this line to his own disciples. Rather, he innovated something called the bhagavata-parampara. Furthermore, Saraswati clearly marked his separation from the rest of Gaudiya Vaishnavism by giving initiation to Vaishnavas who had already received the mantra from a family guru (kula-guru).
“Though some point to the fact that Saraswati ‘did not have high regard for Bipin Bihari Goswami’ (his father’s spiritual master), it seems that his quarrel was not with any individual, by with the entire existing system.“
(…)
“Siddhanta Saraswati took initiation from Gaura Kishor Das Babaji in January, 1901. Legend has it that he had to ask his master three times before being accepted, as the humble hermit of lower caste background at first doubted the sincerity of the well-to-do scholar. There are differing ideas about the type of initiation Saraswati received: according to some biographers he was given mantra, for others it was a bhagavati diksha. Not surprisingly, bhagavati diksha is a concept unfamiliar to most people, even those within the Gaudiya Math, as the only kind of initiation current in Vaishnava circles has always been of the pancharatrika type. The result is that many have wasted much time and effort unnecessarily trying to establish that Siddhanta Saraswati received pancharatrika-type mantra initiation from Gaura Kishor Das.“
(…)
“To summarize, it would appear that Saraswati went beyond simply criticism of the deterioration of morality in the sampradaya, but attacked some of its most cherished institutions, which had been established as early as the Kheturi festival.“
(…)
“I have found three definitions of Bhagavati diksha–one appears to be the transmission of the desire to serve (i.e., the conversion experience is the real initiation; or the ‘planting of the bhakti-lata bija’), the second is the giving of the order to engage in Harinam. (Saraswati quotes the use of the word diksha in Haridas Thakur’s speech to the prostitute from Chaitanya Charitamrita as support.) The third would be a wholehearted commitment to the teachings of the guru.
“Saraswati’s ‘bhagavati diksha’ in 1901 was followed shortly afterward by a committed attempt to perform a yajna of a billion Holy Names, so it seems to me that the second definition was the one Saraswati gave most importance to. This is also the one he gives in the ‘Brahmana o Vaishnava’ booklet.“
(…)
“Saraswati claimed that the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition had been infected by a kind of ritualistic approach to religion, styled as vidhi-marga, in opposition to the spontaneous devotional spirit of the bhagavata school of Vaishnavism that had existed at the origins of Chaitanya’s movement.”
(…)
“We get an idea of what Siddhanta Saraswati meant by bhagavati diksha from his Brahmana 0 Vaishava essays where he cites the example of Hari Das Thakur, a Muslim convert, who likely never received pancharatrika initation, who says:
“I have been initiated into a vow to perform a great sacrifice by chanting the holy name a certain number of times every day. As long as the vow to chant is unfulfilled, I do not desire anything else. When I finish my chanting, my vow comes to an end (dIkSAra vizrama)… I have vowed to chant ten million names in a month. I have taken this vow (diksha), but it is now nearing its end. (1)
“Saraswati continues, ‘Unless one becomes qualified as a sacrificial Brahmin in the sacrifice of chanting the holy names, the name of Krishna does not manifest. Although Hari Das was not a seminal or Vedic Brahmin, he had attained the position of a qualified initiated (daikSa) Brahmin.’ (2) In other words, the simple commitment to regularly chant the holy names a certain number of times constitutes bhagavati diksha. Saraswati’s own life bears this out, as not long after receiving this initiation, he took up a vow to chant a billion holy names in Mayapur.
“Saraswati then goes on to distinguish between the Bhagavata and Pancharatra schools of Vaishnavism.
“According to his analysis, though there were originally many categories of Vaishnava, all but two of them had been lost. These were the Bhagavatas, whom he associates broadly with bhava-marga, or the path of emotion (raganuga bhakti), and the Pancharatras, who are associated with the ritualistic path of deity worship (vidhi-marga). The former followed the ecstatic path of chanting the Holy Name, the religious procedure meant for the Age of Kali, while the latter followed a path that had been prescribed in a previous age.
“Saraswati divides the four principal Vaishnava acharyas according to these two categories, assimilating Madhvacharya and Nimbaditya to Bhagavata-marga and Ramanujacharya and Vishnuswami to the latter. Nevertheless, to a greater or lesser extent, he admits there had been an intermingling of the two broad groups of Vaishnavas, with the elements of the Bhagavata culture based on hearing and chanting being accepted by the Pancharatras and the Bhagavatas accepting the need for deity worship on the lower stages of practice (kaniSTha-adhikAra).
“According to Saraswati, though Madhva strictly speaking followed the bhagavata-marga and Madhavendra Puri had accepted initiation in his line, neither Madhavendra nor Chaitanya accepted his doctrines, which had in time been infiltrated by pancharatrika ideas. In fact, at a certain point Saraswati even equates Madhva’s ‘Tattva-vada’ with Pancharatra. Saraswati cites Baladeva Vidyabhushan who, though considered by many to be wholly responsible for the Gaudiyas claims of connection to the Madhvas, pointed out four teachings in the Madhva line to be particularly unacceptable to Gaudiya Vaishnavas. Thus, Saraswati says, ‘This Tattva—vada, or pancharatrika system, is not acceptable in the opinion of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Rather, He taught the path of bhagavata-marga.’
“Saraswati further goes on to associate everything that is connected to the vidhi-marga with Pancharatra, and all that is with the raga-marga to the Bhagavata path.“
Another thing I found instructive was reading something that B.G. Narasimha wrote about the Jiva Institute. It also gives a taste of the philosophical conflicts that may have existed in Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s time, and how some of the same themes are still with us today. B.G. Narasimha writes (emphasis added):
“This time the attack against our parampara was coming from a young Indian scholar (once a member of ISKCON) who was representing the arguments and objections of the anti-party guru – an elderly Hindu scholar. As it turned out, in their opinion, not even Bhaktivinode Thakur is bona-fide, what then to speak of Saraswati Thakur and his followers“
By “anti-party” he means the Jiva Institute, and the followers of Haridas Sastri. B.G. Narasimha continues:
“A three hour special interview was first conducted by a third party and the discussions were tape-recorded. In a separate meeting the Brahmacharis sat in Satya Narayana’s library at the Jiva Institute and listened to the three hour taped interview and carefully took notes.“
B.G. Narasimha mentions there being 25 points of criticism by the Jiva Institute. Among them are criticisms like (emphasis added):
2) “Bhagavat-diksa does not exist, there is no logical meaning of bhagavata-diksa.
3) “We can understand Krishna and sastra only through proper diksa-parampara.
(…)
5) “Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakura Prabhupada is a rebel against the parampara. He disregarded all the proper diksa lines and attempted to establish his own concocted line by picking famous names from the Gaudiya history.
(…)
9) “We must have an unbroken diksa line, because, through that channel not only are we doing service in this plane but also in the eternal plane . One must have a practical guide along the whole way.
Point 9 feels similar to an attitude one might encounter within the ISKCON organization, at least at the time when I was in contact with it. Point 2 reminds me of a COM post from 1999, by Bhaktarupa, (formerly available online, but no longer) where he states:
“And your friend knows as well as everyone else that there is no ‘bhagavati diksa’, so this is some obfuscation. But there is a bhagavat parampara which consists of a general flow of teachings from one prominent personality to another. Just because we are following a bhagavat parampara does not mean that we are not also following a diksa parampara.“
I think that this concept of “the tradition” seems to have a hold on many people’s minds. The idea of a message being passed down from time immemorial, and making it’s way down to us. But what is it that is being handed down? Who is it that is handing it down to us? What if all the talk about “the tradition” is not really accurate? What if people who talk about “the tradition” are actually (perhaps even unknowingly) using similar arguments to those used that were used against Srila Bhaktisiddhanta? What if Srila Prabhupada is not really innovating something new, but is simply handing down to us something that he received from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta?
It seems to me that a lot of people really don’t think about this stuff, they simply repeat what somebody in the organization told them. And if what they were told isn’t true, or doesn’t really make sense, or doesn’t really seem to gel with the overall body of Srila Prabhupada’s teachings, for whatever reason, they don’t seem bothered by it. They don’t seem troubled by the internal contradictions.
I guess this may be where Sridhara Swami comes in. Srila Prabhupada had both positive and negative things to say about him. After Srila Prabhupada’s disappearance pastime, leaders in the ISKCON organization met with Sridhara. And he told them certain things, and they went on to do what they did. From what I remember, Sridhara even mentions bhagavati diksa in one of the transcripts of those talks, but seems to simply equate it to the Harinama initiation (ceremony). Now, these leaders’ minds may well have already been fertile for what Sridhara was giving, but he still played his role in the whole drama.
I’ve heard the terms “siksa parampara” and “siksa sampradaya” used, during my time orbiting the ISKCON organization. And for better or worse, they have implanted themselves in my psyche. I’m curious as to whether Srila Prabhupada (or Srila Bhaktisiddhanta) ever actually used those terms. That is, I’m curious whether to hold onto those terms, or to purge them from myself. I know that Bhakti Vikasa, in the previously-quoted excerpt from his book, seems to have Srila Bhaktisiddhanta equating “siksa parampara” with bhagavata-parampara, but that may simply be Bhakti Vikasa’s paraphrase, things as seen through his lens, rather than a direct quote from Srila Bhaktisiddhanta. I’m curious if we have anything other than Sridhara’s words for this concept of “siksa parampara“.
What I mean is, what if our parampara really is a diksa parampara, simply that the meaning of diksa has been misrepresented?
Below is a quote from a Bhaktarupa comment, originally from and old COM post that used to be available online, but which seems to have since been pulled. Anyway, I saved it onto a data stick. It’s the same excerpt that I included at the opening of my letter. Here it is again:
“A case can definitely be made that our Srila Prabhupada stressed siksa. As amatter of fact, Sivarama Maharaja in his recent book not only says that, but also concludes that Srila Prabhupada considered diksa to be simply another kind of siksa. This is certainly creating lots of ammo for both the ritvik and the Gaura-nagari camps.“
I’m aware of Sivarama’s book, but after having listened to his guru-tattva lecture tape series, years ago, when I was still in contact with the ISKCON organization, I never felt inspired to really dig any deeper in his stuff. More recently, I’ve been toying with the idea of buying the book, in hopes that maybe he presents quotes from Srila Prabhupada that I haven’t yet seen, that further reinforce the “diksa is siksa” idea.
As far as I can tell, all of this stuff seems to point to siksa and diksa as possibly being two stages along a continuum. This gets kind of tricky as it posits “diksa” as both a continuum, and a stage along that same continuum.
I put the milk on the heating element, and somebody asks me what I’m doing. “Boiling milk“, I reply.
But the milk might not yet have actually reached its boiling point. So it’s not really boiling, is it? Not yet anyway. But the “boiling process”, for lack of a snazzier jargon, has begun.
Reading a book could be seen as taking in sensory impressions through the external senses, taking them within, and this may still be well within the “siksa” range of the diksa continuum.
The siksa/diksa distinction may be similar in some ways to the jnana/vijnana distinction. With diksa being an internal realization/revelation of what was previously taken into the self through siksa. Divya jnan hrde prokoshito. Maybe something like: tene brahma hrda ya adi-kavaye.
I’d lean towards seeing Srila Bhaktisiddhanta as reviving something primordial, that had perhaps become distorted over time, rather than him inventing something new. I mean this in the sense of him perhaps speaking out against a “tradition” that may have by then become degraded. But who really knows? In any case, I trust Srila Bhaktisiddhanta‘s judgment in preserving the essence of the thing. And I assume that we then receive that same essence from Srila Prabhupada.
To get back to the milk analogy, I put milk on the stove, on a hot element. Someone asks me what I’m doing and I reply that I am boiling some milk. But really, the milk is not yet boiling. The boiling process has begun, but the boiling temperature has not yet been reached. This might be seen as the siksa stage of the continuum. The heat is acting on the milk like the siksa is acting on the jiva. When the milk actually begins to boil, this might be said to be the beginning of diksa in the true sense. Here transcendental knowledge is being revealed in the heart, not simply taken in through the external senses, as siksa. Something is changing in the jiva, like the milk is changing when it starts to boil.Well, in a sense the jiva is changeless, so it’s not actually changing, but it’s becoming more fully manifest, peeking out more and more from behind its material coverings.
It’s not always easy to talk about this, because diksa is so often spoken about in a superficial way, similar to how you can “convert” to whatever religion, thought without necessarily having any serious internal transformation. Simply an external rite of passage.
I used to be fairly neutral to Sridhara, respectful from a distance, though I am less and less inclined to see him in that way now. I’m open to the possibility that Sridhara may have played an important role in the breakdown of the GM, and even perhaps in the distortion of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s legacy, and there are quotes from Srila Prabhupada that seem to me to be consistent with that. But that’s a big topic, and a controversial one.
Certainly Srila Prabhupada was kind to Sridhara, glorified his good qualities, encouraged him, worked with him, acknowledged their shared history and their friendship, but I think he nonetheless saw Sridhara for who he was. If you look at the context of
the letter where Srila Prabhupada calls Sridhara the “best of the lot”, there is a section where Srila Prabhupada says: “You are right about Sridhara Maharaja’s genuineness.“Often this is taken to mean something like: “Yes, you are right that Sridhar is genuine“.
But if you look at the logical flow of the letter, and if you read the testimony of the person to whom Srila Prabhupada was writing, it seems to be something different.
From what I understand, from what I’ve read, the person to whom Srila Prabhupada was writing was narrating an event that took place at Sridhara’s matha. An even that made Sridhara look bad, make him look not genuine. This is what Srila Prabhupada seems to be referring to.
In the sense of: yes, you are right about Sridhara’s genuineness (that is, his lack of it). “But in my opinion he is the best of the lot. He is my old friend, at least he executes the regulative principles of devotional service.” It’s faint praise.
I think that this conflict over the meaning of initiation goes at least as far back as the days of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta vs the caste goswamis and babajis. It’s not something that originated with the GBC vs “the ritviks“.
I think that Sridhara Swami may well have misunderstood, and/or misrepresented Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s concept of bhagavati-diksa, including in his meetings with ISKCON org leaders, after Srila Prabhupada’s disappearance pastime. And this aspect of the drama may potentially tie my letter in with some of the work that you’re so courageously doing.
Srila Bhaktisiddhanta seems to contrast bhagavati-diksa with pancharatrika-diksa, where I would understand pancharatrika-diksa to be the standard external formalities associated with the initiation process: fire, bananas, beads, mantras, an “unbroken lineage”, etc.
It seems that bhagavati diksa is something internal, and might have various components. Supposedly, at times, Srila Bhaktisiddhanta seems to speak about it as a vow taken to chant a certain volume of japa, as Srila Haridas Thakura did, though being a Muslim he likely had not undergone the ritualistic formalities. Other times it seems, in Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s writings, that bhagavati-diksa might be seen as some kind of primordial conversion experience, separate from the rituals.
Taking the big picture, taking the quotes from both Srila Prabhupada and Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, it seems to me that bhagavati-diksa might well encompass the entire diksa process, where diksa is seen as the transmission of divya-jnana.
And not only divya-jnana received through the external senses, like the eyes and ears, but ultimately divya-jnana awakened from within, like divya-jnana hrde prokasito. Seeds taken in through the eyes and ears, but eventually landing in the soil of the heart and growing and blossoming there. An internal transformation. Leading to a deep commitment.
I’m not sure if Jagadananda fully grasps all aspects of Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s conception of bhagavati-diksa, but I think he has important pieces of the puzzle.
There are a number of articles that helped me to get increased clarity on this whole topic. I want to thank Harakumara and Hasti Gopala for the Sun articles that they wrote, and which impacted me. Hasti Gopala’s was beautiful in its simplicity. I want to thank Jalakara for “The Sons of the Son: The Breakup of the Gaudiya Matha“. More recently I read Dusyanta’s ”
Clarification and Statement to Date“, with its emphasis on the principle of transcendental sound as opposed to the “ceremonial-diksa” formality. I also feel grateful for a number of things that I’ve read from Mahesh Raja, on the topic of what constitutes actual diksa. I maintain gratitude to Dhira Govinda for his PL writings. And I want to thank George A. Smith. An article of his first inspired me to compile what you’re reading now. In George’s “Formal Initiation is a Formality” we read:
“In response to Rasaprema’s conviction that his interpretation of the word ‘initiation’ as referring to the formal ceremony commonly referred to as dika [sic] is the correct one, and that therefore everyone must undergo this formal rite in order to receive spiritual initiation, the Rtviks have responded in agreement, only differing in minor details of how it should be conducted within ISKCON. I have responded differently than the Rtviks, with the counterclaim that what Rasaprema believes to be an ‘essential’ element of Vaisnava Sadhana that is applicable to all times, places and circumstances is not, and that it is only a mere formality.“
Let’s now go to some transcribed text from Jagadananda’s article in the book “The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant” (emphasis added):
“Most Bengali Gaudiya Math authors seem to favor the term bhagavati diksa.“
(…)
“…where it is translated as ‘esoteric initiation into Bhagavata Dharma’.“
(…)
“It may be that Saraswati was in fact reverting to a more primordial concept of initiation as a genuine rebirth, or conversion, rather than a ritual formality of any kind.“
Another excerpt, from a different section of the same book article (emphasis added):
“The bhagavata parampara idea had never stopped Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati from initiating disciples according to a Pancaratrika model. On the other hand, his ideas about unconventional leadership may have prevented him from designating a successor, in the expectation that a true spiritual leader would emerge from the ranks of his disciples.“
Jagadananda’s article also quotes from a text by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta, where Srila Bhaktisiddhanta states (emphasis added):
“Descendents of the Gaudiya Vaishnava acharyas became more or less attached to the path of archan, like the followers of the Pancaratras, and spread subordination to Sriman Mahaprabhu [Chaitanya], sometimes in its pure form, but more often in a perverted form.“
(…)
“While preaching the pure path of bhava [spontaneous love of God] explained in the Srimad Bhagavatam, Sriman Mahaprabhu distinguished it from mundane formalities, but in due course of time His teachings have become distorted into a branch of the Pancaratrika system. This, however, is not the purpose of Sriman Mahaprabhu’s pure preaching.“
One more thing comes to mind, as we get closer to the end of this letter. On February 5th, 2010, Puranjana posted a letter on his Myspace blog from someone identified only as: ******** Dasi. Here’s what she wrote:
“I might get pelted for this. Srila Narayana Maharaj is my Guru who gave me Harinam initiation, about 3 years after I wandered about in Iskcon. But in my heart and soul, where great intense devotion and love exists, which is inexplicably far deeper than for my own Guru, lives Srila Prabhupad. And I never met him, nor heard him. But I do know through experience he is alive. Very much alive.“
Years ago, I read a short article entitled “Guru and Initiation: an answer for our time“. It impacted me and inspired further research, chanting, and introspection. The article quotes from a lecture labeled as being from May 21st, 1968. One time I even mentioned a quote from that lecture in response to an IRM text. I was informed that no such lecture appears in the Vedabase. In an article on the IRM page, someone writes:
“The ‘lecture excerpt from 5/21/68′ DOES NOT EXIST. At least not on the Vedabase. Therefore unless ‘Alex’ possesses access to a lecture which no one else has seen, his argument here is fabricated. And if he does possess access to this lecture, let him please produce the tape for us to check this quote. Thank you.“
After sharing an earlier version of this letter/article with some people via email, someone kindly responded, informing me that the lecture from May 21st, 1968, was recently transcribed and would be included in the next version of the Vedabase (emphasis added):
“Initation, initation does not mean that it is a ceremony and it is finished. No, it is progressing, it is progressing just like education. It is progressing, so in the first beginning, is the ceto-darpana-marjanam (Antya 20.12). Just to cleanse oneself from the understanding of material identification, hare krsna hare krsna, so at least for one year chanting regularly. Observing the rules and regulations one comes to the platform of ..spiritual platform and then another initiation this is called diksa. That is also diksa, that is the first process. This diksa second process is not very essential the essential is to chant.” (C-030__680521IN-BOS)
The transcriber was even kind enough to send me an mp3 of the lecture.
There’s probably so much more to be researched, learned, refined, understood, clarified, realized and absorbed. And I welcome that, but this letter has already gotten quite long. But before we part ways I wanted to leave you with one last quote:
“. . . There was one doubt that was plaguing me . . .I had always been taught when I was first joining that the parampara is like a link, a chain. If you don’t have the perfect link, if you are not initiated- You really cannot go back to Godhead . . . I presented this question to Prabhupada. I followed Srila Prabhupada from Rupa Gosvami’s Samadhi back into the courtyard, and just before Srila Prabhupada took the steps, in the courtyard, I said ‘We are distributing so many books but if people who read them aren’t initiated then they can’t go back to Godhead.’ And Prabhupada turned and looked at me right in the eyes and he said ‘Just by reading my books they are initiated.’“
(Memories of Srila Prabhupada, Tape #31, Vaikunthanatha speaking about Srila Prabhupada in Vrndavana in 1972, emphasis added)
The reality underneath all the fog is that Srila Prabhupada is available. He is available to be one’s primary source of transcendental knowledge, and consequently one’s point of absolute surrender. The details related to the initiation ceremony do not change that reality.
I thank you for reading thus far, and as always, I wish you all the best.
Alex
Thursday, 13 October 2011
Srila Prabhupada on the failure of ISKCON
By:
Govind Dasa The following conversation of Srila Prabhupada’s clearly explains the reasons for ISKCON’s decline after Prabhupada’s departure. Though Srila Prabhupada was speaking about the failure of the Gaudiya Matha, amazingly it perfectly matches ISKCON’s own post-samadhi history, line for line. Seven sentences have been numbered for direct comparison to ISKCON.
- “Why this Gaudiya Matha failed? Because they tried to become more than guru.
- He, before passing away, he gave all direction and never said that 'This man should be the next acharya.’ But these people, just after his passing away they began to fight, who shall be acharya. That is the failure.
- They never thought, 'Why Guru Maharaja gave us instruction so many things, why he did not say that this man should be acharya?’
- They wanted to create artificially somebody acharya and everything failed.
- They did not consider even with common sense that if Guru Maharaja wanted to appoint somebody as acharya, why did he not say? He said so many things, and this point he missed? The real point? And they insist upon it.
- They declared some unfit person to become acharya. Then another man came, then another, acharya, another acharya.
- So better remain a foolish person perpetually to be directed by Guru Maharaja. That is perfection." –
Srila Prabhupada explains why ISKCON failed after he left:
- Why this Gaudiya Matha failed? Because they tried to become more than guru." ISKCON has also failed horribly in the 30 years since Srila Prabhupada's departure. The reason is simple: the ISKCON leaders tried to be more than their guru by manufacturing so many speculative things (zonal acharyas, voted in acharyas, suspended acharyas, etc.).
- "He, before passing away, he gave all direction and never said that 'This man should be the next acharya.’ But these people, just after his passing away they began to fight, who shall be acharya. That is the failure."
- "They never thought, 'Why Guru Maharaja gave us instruction so many things, why he did not say that this man should be acharya?’"
- "They wanted to create artificially somebody acharya and everything failed."
- "They did not consider even with common sense that if Guru Maharaja wanted to appoint somebody as acharya, why did he not say? He said so many things, and this point he missed? The real point? And they insist upon it."
- "They declared some unfit person to become acharya. Then another man came, then another, acharya, another acharya." Fallen: Kirtanananda Swami Fallen: Satsvarupa dasa Goswami Fallen: Bhavananda Swami Fallen: Hamsaduta Swami Fallen: Ramesvara Swami Fallen: Harikesa Swami Fallen: Bhagavan dasa Goswami Fallen: Jayatirtha Swami Not Fallen: Tamala Krsna Goswami (died in car crash) Not Fallen: Jayapataka Swami Not Fallen: Hridayananda Goswami (advocates acceptance of homosexual marriage)Thus the whole point of "adding new gurus" was just to dilute the list and make the fall percentage appear more reasonable. But if you were to take the second and third batches of added gurus (dilutions 1 & 2), and wait for the same amount of time that the first zonal acharyas had to manifest their fallen nature, you will find a similar percentage of fallen gurus in the subsequent batches. In other words, give the second and third batch of gurus 30 years, and they will also show a 70% fall down rate. This is inevitable, as going against the order of the Acharya will, without fail, lead to falldown.Now at this years GBC meetings they have passed a new resolution calling for all of Srila Prabhupada's disciples to come forward and be "diksha gurus" - the final dilution to cover their original mistake of appointing unfit people as zonal acharyas. This brings up a serious flaw in their line of thinking. When you make a mistake, and you realize it is a mistake (as with the appointment of the zonal acharyas), what should you do? You should stop and undo the mistake, and then move forward. Anyone with common sense can understand this. But rather than stopping the zonal acharya's and removing their acharyaship (i.e. undoing the first mistake), they instead chose to add MORE acharyas to cover the first mistake. When this was shown to be a second mistake, they added EVEN MORE acharyas. And now that it has become a joke, they are trying one last dilution - everyone come forward and become acharya. Having admitted that the appointment of zonal acharyas without authorization from Srila Prabhupada was "the greatest disservice to the movement", they must stop and undo this great mistake. But their solution is to dilute more and more. If you have clear water, and if a drop of red ink falls in it, the entire cup of water will become red. To make it go away some people will try to keep diluting it by adding more and more clear water to the already dirty red water so that it becomes less noticeable. But when the drop of red ink is instead poison, it doesn't matter how much clean water you add, it will always be poisonous. Violating the instructions of the Acharya is spiritual poison. No matter how much dilution they do, it will always remain as poison.Prabhupada's Conclusion:After pointing out six reasons for the failure of the Gaudiya Matha (and subsequently ISKCON), Srila Prabhupada gives the solution:
- "So better remain a foolish person perpetually to be directed by Guru Maharaja. That is perfection." Prabhupada's solution to the problems faced by the Gaudiya Matha and ISKCON is simple. "Remain perpetually directed by Guru Maharaja, that is perfection." Already he has outlined the six mistakes that the Gaudiya Matha and subsequently ISKCON made upon the departure of the Acharya. Now his solution to those mistakes is to simply follow the directions of the Acharya. If the acharya's instructions are followed, then ISKCON will again rise from its present state of failure and spread throughout the world. In case anyone has forgotten the Acharya’s instruction on this matter, here it is:"I wish that each and every Branch shall keep their independent identity and cooperate keeping the Acharya in the centre. On this principle we can open any number of Branches all over the world. The Ramakrishna mission works on this principle and thus as organization they have done wonderfully." - Srila Prabhupada (letter to Kirtanananda, 11 Feb. 1967)Srila Prabhupada wanted to remain as the Acharya of ISKCON, just as Ramakrishna is the Acharya of the Ramakrishna mission. He never said, "Once I depart, replace me with 11 zonal acharya's because I am dead." Ramakrishna had been dead for years and years – yet still he was the center of their movement. Srila Prabhupada wanted to follow the same system where he is kept at the center as the Acharya (not being obscured by 11 zonal acharyas, nor 100 mini-acharya, nor 1,000 micro-acharyas). Working on this principle, the Ramakrishna mission as an organization "has done wonderfully". Compare that to Prabhupada's analysis of those who manufacture false acharyas:"They wanted to create artificially somebody acharya and everything failed."So the choice is there for everyone: do you want to manufacture false acharyas and have everything fail (as has happened since Prabhupada departed), or do you want to keep Srila Prabhupada in the center as the Acharya and have ISKCON do "wonderfully" as an organization. The GBC refuses to even hear anything on this matter, and as such is the greatest block for the advancement of ISKCON today.In the "Pyramid House Confessions" (recorded in 1980, at Topanga Canyon), Tamal Krishna Maharaja, one of the 11 zonal acharyas, stated the following:"Actually Prabhupada never appointed any gurus. He appointed eleven ritviks. He never appointed them gurus. Myself and the other GBC have done the greatest disservice to this movement the last three years because we interpreted the appointment of ritviks as the appointment of gurus... You cannot show me anything on tape or in writing where Prabhupada says: 'I appoint these eleven as gurus'. It does not exist because he never appointed any gurus. This is a myth."Thus it is very clear by their own admission that Srila Prabhupada never appointed anyone as diksha guru or successor acharya for ISKCON. Since they have admitted that Prabhupada never appointed any gurus, let us look again at Prabhupada's 5th point in the original quote:"They did not consider even with common sense that if Guru Maharaja wanted to appoint somebody as acharya, why did he not say?"
Srila Prabhupada established a system in his temples whereby his unique position as founder-acharya (samsthapaka-acharya) was highlighted through his own worship in every single ISKCON temple. Some of the specific ways in which Srila Prabhupada did this was by having his vyasasana installed in all temples, installation of his deity while he was still living (in Vrindavan), having his photo on all ISKCON altars, having all disciples worship him every morning through “guru-puja”, etc. As soon as Prabhupada departed, ISKCON leaders suddenly tried to compete with him, installing their own Vyasasanas in all temples, keeping their own photos on the altar, instituting mandatory worship of themselves through “guru-puja” in all ISKCON temples, etc. Oddly, one will not find a single instruction by Srila Prabhupada to any of these ISKCON leaders, nor to ISKCON as a whole, to implement any of these changes to his institution. Srila Prabhupada specifically instructed how worship and sadhana in his movement should be carried out. Every detail of the morning program, evening program, japa, worship, etc., was given by Srila Prabhupada for all ISKCON devotees. Yet in an instant, the ISKCON leaders decided they were more than their guru, and made all sorts of unauthorized changes to his movement.
Srila Prabhupada also gave all instructions before departing. Yet he never said "this person will be next acharya" or "these people will be the next diksha gurus". Despite the fact that he never authorized anyone to be the next diksha guru, immediately after his departure his disciples fought over the position of acharya, throwing out anyone who did not accept their chosen 11 leaders as equal to Srila Prabhupada.
After Prabhupada's departure, the ISKCON leaders never thought "Why Srila Prabhupada did not say that these men should be acharyas?" Prabhupada gave so many instructions, yet he specifically never authorized anyone to be the next acharya and diksha guru of ISKCON. Instead of understanding the reason Prabhupada never authorized or appointed anyone, the ISKCON leaders immediately fought over who would succeed Srila Prabhupada as acharya. It is a fact that Srila Prabhupada did not say that any of the 11 appointed zonal-acharyas should be acharya. It is also a fact that Srila Prabhupada did not say that any of the present 100 mini-acharyas should be mini-acharya. “So why did he not say that this man, [insert SWAMI X here], should be acharya?” That is Prabhupada’s own question. You can take it up with him.
Tamal Krishna Maharaja, one of the 11 zonal acharya's, explained their mood at the time of appointing themselves as successor acharya's:
“They immediately… these eleven people are the selected gurus. I can say definitely for myself, and for which I humbly beg forgiveness from everybody, that there was definitely some degree of trying to control. There's a degree of this in most GBC's parts, in most temple president's parts. This is the conditioned nature, and it came out in the highest position of all. ‘Guru, oh wonderful! Now I'm a guru, and there is only eleven of us’.”
The ISKCON leaders wanted to artificially appoint themselves as acharya, and as Tamal Krishna Maharaja explained above, it was due to their desire to control, due to their conditioned nature, and due to their desire to become gurus (only 11 people, worshipped as good as God Himself). Once the 11 zonal acharya's were artificially created to replace Srila Prabhupada, everything in ISKCON failed. The history since that time has been one disgrace after another, so much so that devotees are embarassed to let other people know they are devotees. All of Prabhupada's wealth and assets, meant for Krishna's service, have been looted and stolen; many wonderful temples have been closed down and sold off; and worst of all, tens of thousands of devotees have been exploited and then left abandoned by fallen "gurus" and "acharyas".
To this very day the ISKCON leaders still do not consider this point with common sense. If Srila Prabhupada wanted to appoint some people as acharya, why didn't he say so? Srila prabhupada taught so many things, yet they think he missed this simple point, forgetting to specify who will be acharya and diksha guru after him? Prabhupada's use of the phrase "and they insist upon it" is amazingly relevant to ISKCON today. The ISKCON leaders repeatedly insist that Prabhupada failed to specify who would be the next diksha guru. They insist upon it so much, that if you do not accept their view on this matter, then you are banned and thrown out.
This is the perfect summary of ISKCON's history after Srila Prabhupada. First they fought and appointed unfit people as successor acharyas. As they began to fall, in order to make it less noticeable, they tried to dilute the guru list by adding even more unfit successor acharyas. As those false gurus also began to fall, they further tried to hide it by diluting the guru list even further. I have actually heard one of the original zonal acharya's use the "fall percentage" as evidence that the current system is doing alright. He said, "If you take all the gurus in ISKCON and calculate how many have fallen, it isn't a very high percentage." But that is only because they have repeatedly added new dilutions to cover the original falls. If you take the original 11 self-appointed zonal acharyas, you have 72% of the gurus who have unconditionally fallen. And of the remaining three you have one person who died in a horrible car crash and one person who advocates acceptance of homosexual marriage:
Prabhupada's solution to the problems faced by the Gaudiya Matha and ISKCON is simple. "Remain perpetually directed by Guru Maharaja, that is perfection." Already he has outlined the six mistakes that the Gaudiya Matha and subsequently ISKCON made upon the departure of the Acharya. Now his solution to those mistakes is to simply follow the directions of the Acharya. If the acharya's instructions are followed, then ISKCON will again rise from its present state of failure and spread throughout the world. In case anyone has forgotten the Acharya’s instruction on this matter, here it is:
If Srila Prabhupada had wanted to appoint somebody as acharya, why didn't he say so? It is proven that Prabhupada did not tell anyone to be acharya. Thus, as per Srila Prabhupada's own logical statement above, he did not want to appoint somebody as acharya. Yet, ISKCON leaders have gone ahead, against the desire of Srila Prabhupada, and have appointed nearly 100 of them. This again shows how they are “trying to be more than their guru”, Prabhupada’s first point for why they failed.
The Timeless Order™
If, as the ISKCON leaders claim, one automatically becomes diksha guru and successor acharya when the guru departs (even without any authorization from the previous guru), then why should they consider what they have done to have been "the greatest disservice to the movement"? They took 11 people and said they were now successor acharya's because Srila Prabhupada had died. If, as they now teach, one automatically becomes guru when one's own guru passes away, then why would it have been wrong for them to do what they did? Their philosophy goes like this:
A) When guru departs, the disciples automatically become successor acharyas by some assumed, unwritten "Timeless Order™".B) When Srila Prabhupada departed, they made 11 of his disciples as successor acharyas (which is perfectly in line with their claimed pointC) Hence (as per their own statements), they have done "the greatest disservicee to the movement". As anyone can see, the flow of such a philosophy doesn't make sense. From point A and B, one would naturally conclude that point C) should be that "they have done everything fine", since it was in line with the previous points of philosophy that they present. So the question is how do they (from their own statements) go from A) and B) to C), "the greatest disservice to the movement"? Obviously there are a few points missing in their logical equation:D) Next guru must be authorized by previous Guru.E) Srila Prabhupada never authorized any successor acharyas.F) ISKCON Leaders went against Srila Prabhupada's orders, and fought over the position of successor acharya.G) "They tried to become more than guru."H) "He, before passing away, he gave all direction and never said that 'This man should be the next acharya.’ But these people, just after his passing away they began to fight, who shall be acharya. That is the failure."I) "They never thought, 'Why Guru Maharaja gave us instruction so many things, why he did not say that this man should be acharya?’"J) "They wanted to create artificially somebody acharya and everything failed."K) "They did not consider even with common sense that if Guru Maharaja wanted to appoint somebody as acharya, why did he not say? He said so many things, and this point he missed? The real point? And they insist upon it."L) "They declared some unfit person to become acharya. Then another man came, then another, acharya, another acharya."Once you take Srila Prabhupada's own analysis of the history, point C) becomes self evident, "they have done the greatest disservice to the movement". Seeing Srila Prabhupada's points G) through L), the conclusion of C) makes sense. But it does not make any sense at all when you accept their "Timeless Order™" theory (i.e. A -> B -> C). Thus their position is not logically consistant, whereas Srila Prabhupada’s position is.Does Srila Prabhupada know about the Timeless Order™?The GBC claims that there is an unwritten, assumed Timeless Order™ by which all disciples automatically become diksha gurus upon the departure of their guru. On April 22nd of 1977, Srila Prabhupada had the following conversation:Prabhupada: What is the use of producing some rascal guru?Tamala Krishna: Well, I have studied myself and all of your disciples, and it's clear fact that we are all conditioned souls, so we cannot be guru. Maybe one day it may be possible...Prabhupada: Hm.Tamala Krishna: ...but not now.Prabhupada: Yes. I shall produce some gurus. I shall say who is guru, 'Now you become acharya. You become authorised.' I am waiting for that. You become, all, acharya. I retire completely. But the training must be complete.Tamala Krishna: The process of purification must be there.Prabhupada: Oh, yes, must be there. Caitanya Mahaprabhu wants that. Amara ajnaya guru hana. "You become guru." (laughs) But be qualified. Little thing, strictly follower...Tamala Krishna: Not rubber stamp.Prabhupada: Then you'll not be effective. You can cheat, but it will not be effective. Just see our Gaudiya Matha. Everyone wanted to become guru, and a small temple and "guru." What kind of guru?Let us focus specifically on the following two sentences:Prabhupada: What is the use of producing some rascal guru?Prabhupada: Yes. I shall produce some gurus. I shall say who is guru, 'Now you become acharya. You become authorised.' I am waiting for that. You become, all, acharya. I retire completely. But the training must be complete.From Prabhupada's conversation above it is clear that he was not about to authorize unqualified "rascal gurus". Thus by his own words, he never authorized Bhavananda, Kirtanananda, Harikesh, Rameswar, Jayatirtha, Bhagavan, Hansadutta, nor Satsvarupa (all fallen conditioned souls) to be diksha gurus. He clearly says "What is the use of producing some rascal guru...". These people proved themselves to be the very rascal gurus Prabhupada was saying he would not authorize. If these eight false gurus were not authorized by Prabhupada, then none of the original 11 gurus were authorized by him, as their claimed “authorization” was all based on the same evidence.A) The GBC has previously claimed that Prabhupada authorized 11 diksha guru successorsB) 8 of the 11 proved to be cheaters (“rascal gurus” by Prabhupada’s words).C) Prabhupada had said he was not going to authorize “rascal gurus”D) The claimed authorization in point A) was mad up of 70% “rascal gurus”.E) Thus, Srila Prabhupada never authorized the original group of 11 gurus, as it would conflict with his statements in point C)What would it mean if Prabhupada said “I am not about to authorize rascal gurus”, and then a few months later, did just that, authorizing a big list of fallen conditioned souls to be his successors? This is what the GBC originally wanted us to believe.Since it is clear that Prabhupada never authorized the original 11 diksha gurus, the GBC’s latest idea is to invoke a mysterious unwritten “Timeless Order™” by which everyone automatically becomes a successor acharya when the guru departs. But in the above conversation Prabhupada clearly says:1) I shall say who is guru.
2) (I shall say...) Now, you become acharya. You become authorized.Since Srila Prabhupada said that “he would say who is guru”, a natural question is, can anyone show an order from Prabhupada where he actually does this, authorizing them to be the next successor acharya of ISKCON? Is there any record from Prabhupada where he says 1) "Such and such will be guru" or 2) "Now, Mr. XYZ, you become Acharya, you are authorized"? When Prabhupada has specifically stated that he would tell us who will be the guru(s), and that he would specifically tell us who is authorized, how can the GBC then fall back onto a claim of a "Timeless Order™" by which all disciples automatically become diksha guru successor acharya's for Prabhupada's institution. Shouldn't Prabhupada have been intelligent enough to know about this "Timeless Order™" principle? Why then does Prabhupada says he will tell us who will be the guru?Certainly out of the nearly 100 “acharyas” the GBC has manufactured, you would think at least one of them must have some statement from Prabhupada saying, “now you become guru.” Amazingly, not a single one has any statement from Prabhupada authorizing them to become diksha gurus after his departure. Thus it is clear that Srila Prabhupada didn’t want any of these people to be his successor, otherwise he would have told us “Now, you become acharya. You become authorized.” After all, it was he who said “I shall say who is guru”.Some may say that Prabhupada appointed the original 11 zonal acharya's as the successor acharya's, but...1) There is no recorded evidence that such an authorization ever took place. Prabhupada clearly said he would tell who will be guru, yet that instruction has never been given.2) The only remotely relevant "evidence" (the appointment tape) has been forensically tested and found to have been tampered with/edited and as such inadmissible. Even that tape does not state that these people will be the successor acharya's of ISKCON.3) From Prabhupada's own words he was not about to create "rascal gurus". Out of the original 11 zonal acharya's, a very high percentage later were exposed as this very same "rascal guru" that Prabhupada was not going to authorize. Thus from Prabhupada's own words, it is clear he never authorized these 11 to be successor acharya's for his institution.4) Tamal Krishna Maharaja has stated that Prabhupada never appointed a successor (Pyramid House Talks, 1980).
If Prabhupada never appointed successor gurus, and if Prabhupada clearly says "I shall produce some gurus. I shall say who is guru: 'Now, you become acharya. You become authorized.'", on what grounds does the GBC then fall back onto the Timeless Order™ concept, rejecting Prabhupada's statement that he would say who is guru?Again, Srila Prabhupada's conclusion is quite a prophecy:Tamala Krishna: No rubber stamp.Prabhupada: Then you'll not be effective. You can cheat, but it will not be effective.If someone rubber stamps gurus, without Prabhupada's direct order, they will cheat and not be effective. It is clear from the zonal acharya's who have fallen that they were rubber stamped, they cheated, and they were not effective. Again, go back to the original statement of Srila Prabhupada at the top of this essay, and read it through with an open mind. Can anyone honestly say that this isn’t an exact overview of the history of ISKCON after Srila Prabhupada’s departure? I provide the original quote below, so you can review it one more time considering all of the points we have mentioned:"Why this Gaudiya Matha failed? Because they tried to become more than guru. He, before passing away, he gave all direction and never said that 'This man should be the next acharya.’ But these people, just after his passing away they began to fight, who shall be acharya. That is the failure. They never thought, 'Why Guru Maharaja gave us instruction so many things, why he did not say that this man should be acharya?’ They wanted to create artificially somebody acharya and everything failed. They did not consider even with common sense that if Guru Maharaja wanted to appoint somebody as acharya, why did he not say? He said so many things, and this point he missed? The real point? And they insist upon it. They declared some unfit person to become acharya. Then another man came, then another, acharya, another acharya. So better remain a foolish person perpetually to be directed by Guru Maharaja. That is perfection." - Srila Prabhupada Room Conversation, 08-16-76, Bombay
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